Language Learning

Article	Citations
Motivational Mechanisms Underlying Second Language Achievement: A Regulatory Focus Perspective	65
Calculating the Relative Importance of Multiple Regression Predictor Variables Using Dominance Analysis and Random Forests	54
(Generalized Linear) Mixed‐Effects Modeling: A Learner Corpus Example	36
Undoing Competence: Coloniality, Homogeneity, and the Overrepresentation of Whiteness in Applied Linguistics	35
The Effects of Spaced Practice on Second Language Learning: A Meta‐Analysis	35
To What Extent Does the Involvement Load Hypothesis Predict Incidental L2 Vocabulary Learning? A Meta‐Analysis	34
Proficiency Reporting Practices in Research on Second Language Acquisition: Have We Made any Progress?	32
Study and Scale Quality in Second Language Survey Research, 2009–2019: The Case of Anxiety and Motivation	30
The Effect of Speaker Proficiency on Intelligibility, Comprehensibility, and Accentedness in L2 Spanish: A Conceptual Replication and Extension of Munro and Derwing (1995a)	25
A Case for Multisite Second Language Acquisition Research: Challenges, Risks, and Rewards	20
From Play to Language: Infants’ Actions on Objects Cascade to Word Learning	19
The Nuclear Word Family List: A List of the Most Frequent Family Members, Including Base and Affixed Words	18
Relationships Between Phonological Awareness and Reading in Spanish: A Meta‐Analysis	18
Domain‐General Auditory Processing Partially Explains Second Language Speech Learning in Classroom Settings: A Review and Generalization Study	18
Text Readability and Processing Effort in Second Language Reading: A Computational and Eye‐Tracking Investigation	17
Learning and Processing Multiple Languages: The More the Easier?	17
Incidental Vocabulary Learning From Bilingual Subtitled Viewing: An Eye‐Tracking Study	17
(Why) Are Open Research Practices the Future for the Study of Language Learning?	15
Conducting a Netnography in Second Language Acquisition Research	15
Conducting Linguistic Experiments Online With OpenSesame and OSWeb	14
Incidental Learning of Collocations in an Academic Lecture Through Different Input Modes	13
(Ir)regular Mood Swings: Lexical Variability in Heritage Speakers’ Oral Production of Subjunctive Mood	12
Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition: The Effects of Semantic Relatedness, Form Similarity, and Translation Direction	12
Context and Generalizability in Multisite L2 Classroom Research: The Impact of Deductive Versus Guided Inductive Instruction	11
Measuring Foreign Language Students’ Self‐Determination: A Rasch Validation Study	11

Danish as a Window Onto Language Processing and Learning	11
Spacing Effects in Task Repetition Research	10
Controlled and Automatic Processing in the Acceptability Judgment Task: An Eye‐Tracking Study	10
Bilingual and Multilingual Mental Lexicon: A Modeling Study With Linear Discriminative Learning	10
Incidental and Multimodal High Variability Phonetic Training: Potential, Limits, and Future Directions	10
Figurativeness Matters in the Second Language Processing of Collocations: Evidence From a Self‐Paced Reading Experiment	9
Syntactic Prediction Adaptation Accounts for Language Processing and Language Learning	9
Listening to Songs and Singing Benefitted Initial Stages of Second Language Pronunciation but Not Recall of Word Meaning	9
Effects of Availability, Contingency, and Formulaicity on the Accuracy of English Grammatical Morphemes in Second Language Writing	9
A Generative Approach to the Instructed Second Language Acquisition of Spanish se	8
Self‐Assessment of Comprehensibility and Accentedness in Second Language Korean	8
Exploring “Intersubjectivity Negotiation Episodes” and “Language Related Episodes” in Second‐Language Peer Interaction	8
Novel Word Learning Among Bilinguals Can Be Better Through the (Dominant) First Language Than Through the Second Language	8
Crowdsourced Adaptive Comparative Judgment: A Community‐Based Solution for Proficiency Rating	7
Cognitive–Linguistic Skills Explain Chinese Reading Comprehension Within and Beyond the Simple View of Reading in Hong Kong Kindergarteners	7
Examining Second Language Listening and Metacognitive Awareness: A Meta‐Analytic Structural Equation Modeling Approach	7
Does Nonlinguistic Segmentation Predict Literacy in Second Language Education? Statistical Learning in Ivorian Primary Schools	7
Examining Deductive Versus Guided Instruction From an Interactionist Perspective	7
Teachers’ Verbal Lexical Explanation for Second Language Vocabulary Learning: A Meta‐Analysis	6
Investigating Effects of Bilingualism on Syntactic Processing: Testing Structural Sensitivity Theory	6
To What Extent Do Learner‐ and Word‐Related Variables Affect Production of Derivatives?	6
Midadolescents’ Language Learning at School: Toward More Just and Scientifically Rigorous Practices in Research and Education	6
The Effect of Age of Onset of Bilingualism on Gender Agreement Processing in Spanish as a Heritage Language	6
Cognitive Predictors of Child Second Language Comprehension and Syntactic Learning	6
The Lang‐Track‐App: Open‐Source Tools for Implementing the Experience Sampling Method in Second Language Acquisition Research	6
Whole‐Class Co‐Construction in a High School Spanish Classroom: A Conversation Analytic Perspective	6
Second Language Learning via Syntactic Priming: Investigating the Role of Modality, Attention, and Motivation	6
Uncovering Sampling Biases, Advancing Inclusivity, and Rethinking Theoretical Accounts in Second Language Acquisition: Introduction to the Special Issue SLA for All?	6
A Sociocultural Perspective: Seeking Evidence of Development in a PACE Approach to Grammar Instruction	6
Critical Period Claim Revisited: Reanalysis of Hartshorne, Tenenbaum, and Pinker (2018) Suggests Steady Decline and Learner‐Type Differences	6
Word‐Combination‐Based Measures of Phraseological Diversity, Sophistication, and Complexity and Their Relationship to Second Language Chinese Proficiency and Writing Quality	6
Second Language Chinese Computer‐Based Writing by Learners With Alphabetic First Languages: Writing Behaviors, Second Language Proficiency, Genre, and Text Quality	5
Individual Variations in the Mastery of Discourse Connectives from Teenage Years to Adulthood	5
Investigating Orthographic Versus Auditory Cross‐Situational Word Learning With Online and Laboratory‐Based Testing	5
Desirable Difficulties in Language Learning? How Talker Variability Impacts Artificial Grammar Learning	5
Assessing Verb‐Construction Integration in Young Learners of English as a Foreign Language: Analyses of Written and Spoken Production	5
English Language Learners’ Comprehension of Logical Relationships in Expository Texts: Evidence for the Confluence of General Vocabulary and Text‐Connecting Functions	5
Implicit Statistical Learning in Naturalistic and Instructed Morphosyntactic Attainment: An Aptitude‐Treatment Interaction Design	5
Which Aspects of Visual Motivation Aid the Implicit Learning of Signs at First Exposure?	5
Boosting Bilingual Metalinguistic Awareness Under Dual Language Activation: Some Implications for Bilingual Education	5
Close Encounters of the Word Kind: Attested Distributional Information Boosts Statistical Learning	5
Investigating First and Second Language Speaker Intuitions of Phrasal Frequency and Association Strength of Multiword Sequences	4
Frequency of Exposure Influences Accentedness and Comprehensibility in Learners’ Pronunciation of Second Language Words	4
Computational Modeling of Bilingual Language Learning: Current Models and Future Directions	4
The Strength of Cross‐Language Interdependence for Listening Comprehension Proficiency in Turkish–Dutch Emergent Bilinguals: Testing Three Hypotheses	4
Introduction: What's Special About Multilingualism?	4
Error‐Correction Mechanisms in Language Learning: Modeling Individuals	4
The Postprint Pledge – Toward a Culture of Researcher‐Driven Initiatives: A Commentary on “(Why) Are Open Research Practices the Future for the Study of Language Learning?”	4
Costs and Benefits of Spacing for Second Language Vocabulary Learning: Does Relearning Override the Positive and Negative Effects of Spacing?	4
Voices of Three Junior Scholars: A Commentary on “(Why) Are Open Research Practices the Future for the Study of Language Learning?”	4

Introduction: Investigating Explicit L2 Grammar Instruction Through Multiple Theoretical and Methodological Lenses	4
Syntax Matters: Exploring the Effect of Linguistic Similarity in Third Language Acquisition	4
Novel Word Learning With Verbal Definitions and Images: Tracking Consolidation With Behavioral and Event‐Related Potential Measures	3
Do Kindergarteners Develop Awareness of the Statistical Regularities They Acquire?	3
Overcoming Challenges to Open Research Practices – A Perspective From the Global South: A Commentary on “(Why) Are Open Research Practices the Future for the Study of Language Learning?”	3
“Are There Any Mexicans Listening?” Stancetaking and Language Ideologies in a Spanish L2 Classroom	3
Spot It and Learn It! Word Learning in Virtual Peer‐Group Interactions Using a Novel Paradigm for School‐Aged Children	3
Lexically Independent Structural Priming in Second Language Online Sentence Comprehension	3
First Language Literacy and Second Language Oracy: A Partial Replication of Foster and Skehan (1996)	3
Longitudinal Predictors of Listening Comprehension in Bilingual Primary School‐Aged Children	3
Learning, Inside and Out: Prior Linguistic Knowledge and Learning Environment Impact Word Learning in Bilingual Individuals	3
Repetition and Incidental Learning of Multiword Units: A Conceptual Multisite Replication Study of Webb, Newton, and Chang (2013)	3
Possessive Processing in Bilingual Comprehension	2
Rejecting Competence – Essentialist Constructs Reproduce Ableism and White Supremacy in Linguistic Theory: A Commentary on “Undoing Competence: Coloniality, Homogeneity, and the Overrepresentation of	2
The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the Past and Future Outlook	2
Systematic Review of the Effects of Sleep on Memory and Word Learning in Infancy	2
Proactive Language Learning Theory	2
L2 Learners’ Signed Language Processing Relates, in Part, to Perspective‐Taking Skills	2
Heading South, Unmuting Multilingualisms: A Commentary on “Midadolescents’ Language Learning at School: Toward More Just and Scientifically Rigorous Practices in Research and Education”	2
Using Parent Report to Measure Vocabulary in Young Bilingual Children: A Scoping Review	2
Unknown Vocabulary Density and Reading Comprehension: Replicating Hu and Nation (2000)	2
The Influence of Prior Linguistic Knowledge on Second Language Semantic Implicit Learning: Evidence from Cantonese–English Bilinguals	2
Zoltán Dörnyei (1960–2022)	2
Generalizing Knowledge of Second Language Collocations: The Roles of Within‐ and Cross‐Language Similarity on Acceptability and Event‐Related Potentials	2
Phraseological Use and Development During a Stay Abroad: Exploring Sensitivity to Frequency and Cue Contingency	2
MOSAIC+: A Crosslinguistic Model of Verb‐Marking Errors in Typically Developing Children and Children With Developmental Language Disorder	2
Critical and Dialogic Perspectives on Why Ecologies Matter: A Commentary on “Midadolescents’ Language Learning at School: Toward More Just and Scientifically Rigorous Practices in Research and Educati	2
Learning Without Awareness by Academic and Nonacademic Samples: An Individual Differences Study	2
The Role of Explicit Memory Across Second Language Syntactic Development: A Structural Priming Study	2
Self‐Repair in Hearing L2 Learners’ Spontaneous Signing: A Developmental Study	2
Bilectal Exposure Modulates Neural Signatures to Conflicting Grammatical Properties: Norway as a Natural Laboratory	2
Linguistic Priming and Learning Adjacent and Nonadjacent Dependencies in Serial Reaction Time Tasks	2
The Role of Modality in L2 Learning: The Importance of Learners Acquiring a Second Sign Language (M2L2 and M1L2 Learners)	2
Effects of Form‐Focused Practice and Feedback: A Multisite Replication Study of Yang and Lyster (2010)	2
The Lexical Basis of Second Language Reading Comprehension: From (Sub)Lexical Knowledge to Processing Efficiency	2
Implicit Learning in Production: Productive Generalization of New Form–Meaning Connections in the Absence of Awareness	2
Benefits of Testing and Production for Learning Turkish As a New Language	2
Academic Language as Linguistic Capital – A Window to Social Justice: A Commentary on “Midadolescents’ Language Learning at School: Toward More Just and Scientifically Rigorous Practices in Research a	2
Process and Product in ISLA Research: Courage, Commitment, and Tolerance for Ambiguity	2
Effects of Word Definitions on Meaning Recall: A Multisite Intervention in Language‐Diverse Second Language English Classrooms	2
Computational Modeling of Language Learning in the Era of Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Response to Open Peer Commentaries	2
Electrophysiological Evidence for a Whorfian Double Dissociation of Categorical Perception Across Two Languages	2
Metacognition in Second Language Speech Perception and Production	2
Measuring Lexical Diversity in Texts: The Twofold Length Problem	1
An Introduction to the Cognitive Neuroscience of Language Embodiment and Relativity Special Issue of the Language Learning Cognitive Neuroscience Series	1
The Importance of Dialogue for Justice and Learning: A Commentary on “Midadolescents’ Language Learning at School: Toward More Just and Scientifically Rigorous Practices in Research and Education”	1
In Search of Variables Explaining Individual Differences in Second Language Learning and Processing: A Commentary on “The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains Fr	1
To Bilingualism and Beyond! Modeling Bilingualism Requires Looking Beyond Language: A Commentary on “Computational Modeling of Bilingual Language Learning: Current Models and Future Directions”	1
Active Language Modulates Color Perception in Bilinguals	1
Verbal Symbols Support Concrete but Enable Abstract Concept Formation: Evidence From Brain‐Constrained Deep Neural Networks	1
The Effect of COVID‐Related Quarantine and Attitudes on Time Conceptualization: Evidence From Temporal Focus and Implicit Space‐Time Mappings	1
Willingness to Communicate, Speaking Self‐Efficacy, and Perceived Communicative Competence as Predictors of Second Language Spoken Task Production	1
Learning Maximum Absolute Meaning Through Reasoning About Speaker Intentions	1
Inventing and Reinventing the Cog: A Commentary on “Computational Modeling of Bilingual Language Learning: Current Models and Future Directions”	1
Neural Basis of Second Language Speech Learning – Past and Future: A Commentary on “The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the Past and Future Outlook”	1
Signature Dynamics of Development in Second Language Sociolinguistic Competence: Evidence From an Intensive Microlongitudinal Study	1
Moving Second Language Processing Beyond an Isolationist View: A Commentary on “The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the Past and Future Outlook”	1
The Acquisition of Strategies to Express Plurality in Hearing Second Language Learners of Sign Language of the Netherlands	1
Exploring New Insights Into Explicit and Implicit Second Language Processing: Event‐Related Potentials Analyzed by Source Attribution	1
Chinese Learners of English Are Conceptually Blind to Temporal Differences Conveyed by Tense	1
Let's Talk Explicitly About Race – A Loving Push Forward: A Commentary on “Midadolescents’ Language Learning at School: Toward More Just and Scientifically Rigorous Practices in Research and Education	1
Embodiment for Spatial Metaphors of Abstract Concepts Differs Across Languages in Chinese–English Bilinguals	1
On Linguicism, Epistemic Injustice, and Research in Language‐in‐Education: A Commentary on “Midadolescents’ Language Learning at School: Toward More Just and Scientifically Rigorous Practices in Resea	1
Whither Bilinguals, Natives, and Variability? A Commentary on “The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the Past and Future Outlook”	1
The Unbearable Whiteness of Communicative Competence Research: A Commentary on “Undoing Competence: Coloniality, Homogeneity, and the Overrepresentation of Whiteness in Applied Linguistics”	1
CLASSIC Utterance Boundary: A Chunking‐Based Model of Early Naturalistic Word Segmentation	1
Inducing Shifts in Attentional and Preattentive Visual Processing Through Brief Training on Novel Grammatical Morphemes: An Event‐Related Potential Study	1
Open Research Practices and Cultural Change: A Commentary on “(Why) Are Open Research Practices the Future for the Study of Language Learning?”	1
Toddlers’ Verb‐Marking Errors Are Predicted by the Relative Frequency of Uninflected Sequences in Well‐Formed Child‐Directed Speech: A Preregistered Corpus Analysis	1
Announcements and Grant Programs	1
Merging the Neuroscience of Second Language Processing With Variability in Social Variables: A Commentary on “The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the P	1
Even in a Relatively New Field We Can Learn From the Past to Build a More Robust Future: A Commentary on “The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the Past	1
The Evolution of Science in Second Language Acquisition Research: A Commentary on “The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the Past and Future Outlook”	1
Phonetic and Lexical Crosslinguistic Influence in Early Spanish–Basque–English Trilinguals	1
Student Outcomes, Perspectives, and Experiences in Traditional and Flipped L2 American Sign Language Classrooms: A Partial Replication Study	1
Previewing Novel Words Before Reading Affects Their Processing During Reading: An Eye‐Movement Study With First and Second Language Readers	1
Unraveling the Complexities of Second Language Lexical Stress Processing: The Impact of First Language Transfer, Second Language Proficiency, and Exposure	1
Crosslinguistic Differences in Food Labels Do Not Yield Differences in Taste Perception	1
A Growth Mindset for Understanding How Second Language Learning and Processing Shape the Brain: A Commentary on “The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From th	1
Orthographic Priming in Second‐Language Visual Word Recognition	1

Plurality Is a Good Start, but It's Time for Unification: A Commentary on “Computational Modeling of Bilingual Language Learning: Current Models and Future Directions”	1
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Declarative and Automatized Phonological Vocabulary Knowledge: Recognition, Recall, Lexicosemantic Judgment, and Listening‐Focused Employability of Second Language Words	1
Event Boundaries Stretched and Compressed by Aspect: Temporal Segmentation in a First and a Second Language	1
Testing the Relationship of Linguistic Complexity to Second Language Learners’ Comparative Judgment on Text Difficulty	1
Transient and Long‐Term Linguistic Influences on Visual Perception: Shifting Brain Dynamics With Memory Consolidation	1
Undoing Competence – A Challenge From the South: A Commentary on “Undoing Competence: Coloniality, Homogeneity, and the Overrepresentation of Whiteness in Applied Linguistics”	1
Modeling Bilingualism as a Dynamic Phenomenon in Healthy and Neurologically Affected Speakers Across the Lifespan: A Commentary on “Computational Modeling of Bilingual Language Learning: Current Model	1
Rethinking First Language–Second Language Similarities and Differences in English Proficiency: Insights From the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) Project	1
School‐Relevant Language As a Meaning‐Making Activity – A CLIL Perspective: A Commentary on “Midadolescents’ Language Learning at School: Toward More Just and Scientifically Rigorous Practices in Rese	1
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Cognitive and Sociopsychological Individual Differences, Experience, and Naturalistic Second Language Speech Learning: A Longitudinal Study	1
From a Molar to a Molecular Approach to the Developmental Trajectory of Syntax Comprehension of Persons with Intellectual Disability	1