OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The median citation count of Language Learning is 2. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-05-01 to 2026-05-01.)

Article	Citations
Issue Information	131
Issue Information	86
	40
Prosody in Pragmatic Competence: Proficiency Impact on Pitch and Fluency Features in Request‐Making in Second Language Chinese	38
Training Child Learners on Nonnative Vowel Contrasts With Phonetic Training: The Role of Task and Variability	37
Unknown Vocabulary Density and Reading Comprehension: Replicating Hu and Nation (2000)	37
The Influence of Prior Linguistic Knowledge on Second Language Semantic Implicit Learning: Evidence from Cantonese–English Bilinguals	35
To What Extent Do Learner‐ and Word‐Related Variables Affect Production of Derivatives?	32
What Proactive Language Learning Theory Is and Is Not: A Response to Atkinson's Commentary	31
Order Effects in Second Language Learning	27
Crosslinguistic Differences in Food Labels Do Not Yield Differences in Taste Perception	27
Close Encounters of the Word Kind: Attested Distributional Information Boosts Statistical Learning	26
The Role of Modality in L2 Learning: The Importance of Learners Acquiring a Second Sign Language (M2L2 and M1L2 Learners)	25
Sensitivity to Subphonemic Differences in First Language Predicts Vocabulary Size in a Foreign Language	25
	24
The Acquisition of Strategies to Express Plurality in Hearing Second Language Learners of Sign Language of the Netherlands	19
Naturalization of Competence – Coloniality, Collusion, and Intersectionality: A Commentary on “Undoing Competence: Coloniality, Homogeneity, and the Overrepresentation of Whiteness in Applied Linguist	18
Correction to ‘Community, Equity, and Cultural Change in Open Research: A Response to Open Peer Commentaries’	18
Developing Second Language Mandarin Fluency Through Pedagogic Intervention and Study Abroad: Planning Time, Speech Rate, and Response Duration	17
Electrophysiological Evidence for a Whorfian Double Dissociation of Categorical Perception Across Two Languages	17
Vocabulary Opens the Door; Creativity Guides the Search: Complementary Contributions to Second Language Semantic Fluency Across Domains	16
Error Correction Learning of Second Language Verbal Morphology: Associating Imperfect Contingencies in Naturalistic Frequency Distributions	16
Open Research in Artificial Intelligence and the Search for Common Ground in Reproducibility: A Commentary on “(Why) Are Open Research Practices the Future for the Study of Language Learning?”	16
Revisiting Blocking Effects in Second Language Learning: A Close Replication of Ellis and Sagarra (2010b)	16
Where is Community Involvement in Open Science? A Commentary on “(Why) Are Open Research Practices the Future for the Study of Language Learning?”	16

Investigating Orthographic Versus Auditory Cross‐Situational Word Learning With Online and Laboratory‐Based Testing	16
Optionality, Complexity, Difficulty: The Next Step: A Commentary on “Complexity and Difficulty in Second Language Acquisition: A Theoretical and Methodological Overview”	15
Heading South, Unmuting Multilingualisms: A Commentary on “Midadolescents’ Language Learning at School: Toward More Just and Scientifically Rigorous Practices in Research and Education”	15
Is This (Becoming) a Theory of Second Language Acquisition?: A Commentary on “Complexity and Difficulty in Second Language Acquisition: A Theoretical and Methodological Overview”	15
The Overrepresentation of Whiteness in Applied Linguistics – A response from Europe: A Commentary on “Undoing Competence: Coloniality, Homogeneity, and the Overrepresentation of Whiteness in Applied L	14
Learning Unacceptability: Repeated Exposure to Acceptable Sentences Improves Adult Learners’ Recognition of Unacceptable Sentences	14
Grammatical Analysis Is Required to Describe Grammatical (and “Syntactic”) Complexity: A Commentary on “Complexity and Difficulty in Second Language Acquisition: A Theoretical and Methodological Overv	14
A Commentary on “Proactive Language Learning Theory”	14
Collocation in the Mind: Investigating Collocational Priming in Second Language Speakers of Italian	13
First Language Literacy and Second Language Oracy: A Partial Replication of Foster and Skehan (1996)	13
Study Abroad Students’ Social Contacts in Different Linguistic Contexts and Their Relationship With English Use and Development	12
Dialect‐Specific Modes Influence Second Language Production: Evidence From Bidialectal Shanghai–Mandarin Chinese Learners of English Within the Second Language Linguistic Perception Model	12
The Effect of Age of Onset of Bilingualism on Gender Agreement Processing in Spanish as a Heritage Language	11
Second Language Learning via Syntactic Priming: Investigating the Role of Modality, Attention, and Motivation	11
Plurality Is a Good Start, but It's Time for Unification: A Commentary on “Computational Modeling of Bilingual Language Learning: Current Models and Future Directions”	11
Incorporating Co‐occurrence Into the Operationalization of Speech Disfluency for Second Language Pronunciation and Oral Proficiency Assessment	11
Lexical Effects on Second Language Grammar Acquisition: Testing Psycholinguistic and Neurocognitive Predictions	10
Midadolescents’ Language Learning at School: Toward More Just and Scientifically Rigorous Practices in Research and Education	10
Cognitive and Sociopsychological Individual Differences, Experience, and Naturalistic Second Language Speech Learning: A Longitudinal Study	10
The Unbearable Whiteness of Communicative Competence Research: A Commentary on “Undoing Competence: Coloniality, Homogeneity, and the Overrepresentation of Whiteness in Applied Linguistics”	10
Do Implicit Learning Deficit and Dyslexia Go Together? An fMRI and Behavioral Study	10
MOSAIC+: A Crosslinguistic Model of Verb‐Marking Errors in Typically Developing Children and Children With Developmental Language Disorder	10
Second Language Sentence Stress Assignment: Self‐ and Other‐Assessment	9
Phraseological Use and Development During a Stay Abroad: Exploring Sensitivity to Frequency and Cue Contingency	8
Alignment of Top‐Down Policies With Emerging Bottom‐Up Practices: A Commentary on “(Why) Are Open Research Practices the Future for the Study of Language Learning?”	8
The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the Past and Future Outlook: A Response to Open Peer Commentaries	8
	8
Generalizing Knowledge of Second Language Collocations: The Roles of Within‐ and Cross‐Language Similarity on Acceptability and Event‐Related Potentials	8
Native and Nonnative Speakers’ Preferences for Preposition Pied‐Piping Versus Stranding in English Wh‐Relative Clauses	8
Mixed‐Effects Modeling with a Multinomial Dependent Variable	8
Possessive Processing in Bilingual Comprehension	8
Vocabulary and Processing Speed Explain Reading and Writing Disparities Between Linguistic Groups in Higher Education	7
The Role of Prosody in International Communication in English in Call Center Interactions	7
What Really Drives Language Learning Success: Talent or Hard Work?	7
	7
Spontaneous Strategies Used During Novel Word Learning	7
Developing an Automatic Pronunciation Scorer: Aligning Speech Evaluation Models and Applied Linguistics Constructs	7
Head Gestures Do Not Serve as Precursors of Prosodic Focus Marking in the Second Language as They Do in the First Language	7
On Umbrellas and Omnibuses: A Response to Open Peer Commentaries	7
	7
Issue Information	7
A Race Critical Peer Commentary With the Post‐White Orientation: A Commentary on “Undoing Competence: Coloniality, Homogeneity, and the Overrepresentation of Whiteness in Applied Linguistics”	7
Social Aspects in Language Learning: New Perspectives from Study‐Abroad Research	7
Introduction to the Special Issue: Learning Sign Languages as Additional Languages: Considering Language‐ and Modality‐Specific Factors	6
Effects of Task Instructions on Predictive Eye Movements and Word Recognition During Second Language Sentence Comprehension	6
Uncovering Sampling Biases, Advancing Inclusivity, and Rethinking Theoretical Accounts in Second Language Acquisition: Introduction to the Special Issue SLA for All?	6
Declarative and Automatized Phonological Vocabulary Knowledge: Recognition, Recall, Lexicosemantic Judgment, and Listening‐Focused Employability of Second Language Words	6
Critical and Dialogic Perspectives on Why Ecologies Matter: A Commentary on “Midadolescents’ Language Learning at School: Toward More Just and Scientifically Rigorous Practices in Research and Educati	6
Spot It and Learn It! Word Learning in Virtual Peer‐Group Interactions Using a Novel Paradigm for School‐Aged Children	6
Undesirable Difficulty of Interleaved Practice: The Importance of Initial Blocked Practice for Declarative Knowledge Development in Low‐Achieving Adolescents	6

Socioeconomic Account of Reading Abilities in Learning Chinese as a First Language and English as a Second Language	6
Figurativeness Matters in the Second Language Processing of Collocations: Evidence From a Self‐Paced Reading Experiment	6
Overexplicit Second Language Reference: Evidence for the Cognitive Load Hypothesis	6
Proactive Language Learning Theory	6
	5
Unraveling the Complexities of Second Language Lexical Stress Processing: The Impact of First Language Transfer, Second Language Proficiency, and Exposure	5
Incidental and Multimodal High Variability Phonetic Training: Potential, Limits, and Future Directions	5
Hedgehog Pillows and Squirrel Plates: Priming Semantic Structure in Children's Comprehension	5
Peer Interaction Dynamics and Second Language Learning Trajectories During Study Abroad: A Longitudinal Investigation Using Dynamic Computational Social Network Analysis	5
Issue Information	5
	5
To Bilingualism and Beyond! Modeling Bilingualism Requires Looking Beyond Language: A Commentary on “Computational Modeling of Bilingual Language Learning: Current Models and Future Directions”	5
Active Language Modulates Color Perception in Bilinguals	5
Lexico‐Semantic Attrition of Native Language: Evidence From Russian–Hebrew Bilinguals	4
Moving Second Language Processing Beyond an Isolationist View: A Commentary on “The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the Past and Future Outlook”	4
What Is the Ideal Time to Provide Corrective Feedback? An Approximate Replication of Li, Zhu, and Ellis (2016)	4
Zoltán Dörnyei (1960–2022)	4
	4
Neural Basis of Second Language Speech Learning – Past and Future: A Commentary on “The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the Past and Future Outlook”	4
Eye Movements, Item Modality, and Multimodal Second Language Vocabulary Learning: Processing and Outcomes	4
	4
Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition Through Captioned Viewing: A Meta‐Analysis	4
The Association Between Metalinguistic Awareness and Chinese Word Reading: A Three‐Level Meta‐Analysis	4
Neural Evidence for Syntactic Unification in Second Language Sentence Comprehension: A Time‐Frequency Analysis	4
Word‐Combination‐Based Measures of Phraseological Diversity, Sophistication, and Complexity and Their Relationship to Second Language Chinese Proficiency and Writing Quality	4
Engaging Indigenous Language Learning Through Relational Accountability: A Commentary on “Undoing Competence: Coloniality, Homogeneity, and the Overrepresentation of Whiteness in Applied Linguistics”	4
Implicit Learning in Production: Productive Generalization of New Form–Meaning Connections in the Absence of Awareness	4
Simulating the Relationship Between Nonword Repetition Performance and Vocabulary Growth in 2‐Year‐Olds: Evidence From the Language 0–5 Project	4
Artificial Intelligence‐Generated Feedback for Second Language Intelligibility: An Exploratory Intervention Study on Effects and Perceptions	4
Measuring Teenage Learners’ Automatized, Explicit, and/or Implicit Knowledge: A Question of Context?	4
L2 Learners’ Signed Language Processing Relates, in Part, to Perspective‐Taking Skills	3
Academic Language as Linguistic Capital – A Window to Social Justice: A Commentary on “Midadolescents’ Language Learning at School: Toward More Just and Scientifically Rigorous Practices in Research a	3
Second Language Acquisition of Contextual Emotion and Its Effects on Novel Word Learning From Reading Across Contexts	3
Testing the Relationship of Linguistic Complexity to Second Language Learners’ Comparative Judgment on Text Difficulty	3
Even in a Relatively New Field We Can Learn From the Past to Build a More Robust Future: A Commentary on “The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the Past	3
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Investigating the Relation Between Second Language Proficiency and Study Success Using a Causal Inference Approach	3
Issue Information	3
Inventing and Reinventing the Cog: A Commentary on “Computational Modeling of Bilingual Language Learning: Current Models and Future Directions”	3
Longitudinal Predictors of Listening Comprehension in Bilingual Primary School‐Aged Children	3
From Play to Language: Infants’ Actions on Objects Cascade to Word Learning	3
Move, Rove, Love: Color Cues Help Learning Novel English Words When Pronunciation Is Not Predictable From Spelling	3
Disambiguating Complexity: From CAF to CAFIC: A Commentary on “Complexity and Difficulty in Second Language Acquisition: A Theoretical and Methodological Overview”	3
Rethinking First Language–Second Language Similarities and Differences in English Proficiency: Insights From the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) Project	3
Correction to “Sensitivity to Subphonemic Differences in First Language Predicts Vocabulary Size in a Foreign Language”	3
Overcoming Challenges to Open Research Practices – A Perspective From the Global South: A Commentary on “(Why) Are Open Research Practices the Future for the Study of Language Learning?”	3
Costs and Benefits of Spacing for Second Language Vocabulary Learning: Does Relearning Override the Positive and Negative Effects of Spacing?	3
The Postprint Pledge – Toward a Culture of Researcher‐Driven Initiatives: A Commentary on “(Why) Are Open Research Practices the Future for the Study of Language Learning?”	3
Seeing the Speaker's Face Enhances Second Language Shadowing: Neural and Behavioral Evidence	3
The Interplay of Complexity, Genre, and Second Language Proficiency: A Commentary on “Complexity and Difficulty in Second Language Acquisition: A Theoretical and Methodological Overview”	3
	3
Issue Information	2
Contrasting Fixed‐ and Mixed‐Effects Modeling in Vocabulary Research: Reanalyzing Laufer (2024) and McLean et al. (2020)	2
Spacing Effects in Task Repetition Research	2
Roles of Domain‐General Auditory Processing in Second Language Speech Learning Revisited: What Degree of Precision Makes a Difference?	2
	2
The Bidirectionality of Pragmatic Transfer in Chinese English Language Learners' Compliment Responses: The Effects of Second Language Proficiency	2
The Evolution of Science in Second Language Acquisition Research: A Commentary on “The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the Past and Future Outlook”	2
Issue Information	2
Assessing Digital Interactional Competence for Second‐Language and First‐Language Chinese Speakers: Effects of Proficiency, Mode, and Setting	2
The Effect of COVID‐Related Quarantine and Attitudes on Time Conceptualization: Evidence From Temporal Focus and Implicit Space‐Time Mappings	2
Priming Ditransitives in Native Speakers and Learners of Mandarin: Error‐Driven Learning Affects Production but Not Real‐Time Predictive Processing	2
Crowdsourced Adaptive Comparative Judgment: A Community‐Based Solution for Proficiency Rating	2
The Role of Cognates and Language Distance in Simultaneous Bilingual Children's Productive Vocabulary Acquisition	2
Whither Bilinguals, Natives, and Variability? A Commentary on “The Neurocognitive Underpinnings of Second Language Processing: Knowledge Gains From the Past and Future Outlook”	2
Modeling the Effects of Task Repetition in Second Language Writing: Examining Interindividual and Intraindividual Variability	2
	2
How Do They Feel? Processing Others’ Emotions in Second Language Discourse	2
Error‐Correction Mechanisms in Language Learning: Modeling Individuals	2
Which Aspects of Visual Motivation Aid the Implicit Learning of Signs at First Exposure?	2
Issue Information	2
	2
CLASSIC Utterance Boundary: A Chunking‐Based Model of Early Naturalistic Word Segmentation	2
Effect of Teacher–Student Interaction on Language Learning Under Anxiety: An fNIRS‐Based Hyperscanning Study	2
Issue Information	2
Rejecting Competence – Essentialist Constructs Reproduce Ableism and White Supremacy in Linguistic Theory: A Commentary on “Undoing Competence: Coloniality, Homogeneity, and the Overrepresentation of	2
Is Second Language Attrition Inevitable After Instruction Ends? An Exploratory Longitudinal Study of Advanced Instructed Second Language Users	2
Repetition and Incidental Learning of Multiword Units: A Conceptual Multisite Replication Study of Webb, Newton, and Chang (2013)	2
Iconicity and Gesture Jointly Facilitate Learning of Second Language Signs at First Exposure in Hearing Nonsigners	2