Journal of Apicultural Research

Papers
(The median citation count of Journal of Apicultural Research is 1. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-12-01 to 2025-12-01.)
ArticleCitations
Development and applications of in vitro artificial rearing of honey bee larvae106
Development of monoclonal antibodies against spores of Nosema ceranae for the diagnosis of nosemosis101
Assessing the environmental, social and economic sustainability of beekeeping activities57
Can larval Osmia bees (Megachilidae) tolerate conifer resin volatiles?42
Standard methods for direct observation of honey bee ( Apis mellifera L.) nuptial flights24
Seasonal variation in honey bee ( Apis mellifera L.) venom extraction and its effect on colony performance23
Viruses in Brazilian stingless bees20
Impact of commercial plastic queen cell cups on rearing success and development of honey bee queens18
Increased levels of introgression evident in Irish honey bees17
Preliminary analysis shows that feral and managed honey bees in Southern California have similar levels of viral pathogens16
African endemic stingless bees as an efficient alternative pollinator to honey bees in greenhouse cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L)14
The smell of sex: cuticular hydrocarbons of adult small hive beetles, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)14
First attempt to identify and prioritise best beekeeping practices with a multi-actor approach in the EU14
Chemometric evaluation of antioxidant activity and α-amylase inhibition of selected monofloral honeys from Algeria13
Caging the queen with and without a comb section to achieve high efficacy of Varroa destructor control13
Assessment of advanced lures through gel and spray application for the attraction of honey bee swarms13
A first approach in the correlation of pathogens load affecting Bombus pauloensis to the land use in Buenos Aires Province13
The impact of COVID-19 on beekeepers in Texas and Louisiana12
The dark European honey bee Apis mellifera mellifera in Lithuania: data on mitotype diversity of native bee population11
Bee brood as traditional human food on Andros Island, Greece11
A morphological description of “Cyclops” honey bee ( Apis mellifera L. )10
Comparison of the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of honeys produced by Apis mellifera and four stingless bee species from the miombo vegetation in Western Ta10
Morphometric and genetic analyses show differentiation of the widely distributed stingless bee Nannotrigona perilampoides (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) across geographic regions in Mexico9
Using black solider fly larvae ( Hermetia illucens ) to clean unwanted beeswax from equipment9
Beekeeping practices and challenges in Algeria: a SWOT-based survey analysis9
Deformed wing virus in bee bread: infectivity and thermal inactivation9
Exploring the susceptibility of Bombus eximius (apidae, hymenoptera) to Nosema ceranae (microsporidia: nos9
Understanding the differential performance in hygienic behavior against dead brood of drones and workers of Apis mellifera : a chemical approach9
The COLOSS BEEBOOK : developments and renewal8
Flight ranges of Tetragonula “nr” pagdeni and standardization of hive density for profitable coriander production in the semi-arid region 8
In pursuit of the ultimate pollen substitute (insect larvae) for honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) feed8
Honey bee colony population annual dynamics in northern Ethiopia’s semi-arid region, Tigray8
Role of ionizing radiation in the management of the Greater Wax Moth ( Galleria mellonella L. ): a comparative analysis of different types of ionizing radiation8
Assessing the performance of analytical methods for propolis – A collaborative trial by the international honey commission8
Comparative study of pollen-based diets on viral load, survival, and expression of immune genes in honey bees infected with the DWV-A virus8
Geopropolis from stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata quadrifasciata Lepeletier, 1836: chemical characterization and compounds of interest8
Development of Heterotrigona itama (Cockerell, 1918) queens by in vitro culture for conservation purposes8
First record of Leptus sp. larvae on Melipona scutellaris8
Occurrence and distribution of two bacterial brood diseases (American and European foulbrood) in US honey bee colonies and resistance to antibiotics from 2015 to 20227
Best practices for colony management: a neglected aspect for improving honey bee colony health and productivity in Africa7
Beekeeping under climate change7
Could hive debris samples and qPCR ease the investigation of factors influencing Paenibacillus larvae spore loads?7
Precision apiculture system: honey traceability from hive to spoon7
Chemical fingerprints of the organic varietal aroeira honey supports geographical indication area expansion in Minas Gerais, Brazil7
A scientific note on in-hive positioning determines small hive beetle trap efficacy7
Bacterial diversity associated with Apis cerana himalaya Smith 1991 across altitudinal gradients in the eastern hill region of India6
In-vitro queen rearing protocol for stingless bee, Tetragonula iridipennis Smith6
Impacts of indoor mass storage of two densities of honey bee queens (Apis mellifera) during winter on queen survival, reproductive quality and colony performance6
The effect of bumble bee gynes’ reproductive status on the response to CO 2 narcosis6
Special issue on stingless bees6
Chemical composition and free radical-scavenging activities of monofloral bee pollen from Mimosa pudica L.6
Investigation of 33 types of honey samples: application of an efficient dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction technique coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine 16 polycyclic 6
A novel approach for improved honey identification and scientific definition: a case of buckwheat honey6
Quality evaluation of gallnut honey collected from different geographical areas of China6
The effect of migratory beekeeping on Indian honey bee ( Apis cerana indica ) microbiota – a first report6
Some biological aspects of honey bee drones reared under organic and non-organic agriculture6
Comparative proteomics analysis of the head proteins of worker honey bees ( Apis mellifera ) in production stage of royal jelly6
An update on gynandromorphism records in the Meliponini tribe (Hymenoptera: Apidae): first case in Melipona flavolineata6
Sustainable development outlooks to subsistent apiculture in a transition: the case of Ethiopia6
Factors influencing pollinator abundance in indigenous coffee farms of the Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India6
Feeding Apis mellifera with Moringa oleifera and Dipteryx alata6
Presence of Lotmaria passim , Crithidia mellificae and Nosema spp. in differently aged Apis 6
Color preference of social wasps to non-toxic traps5
Presence of exotic species of the wild bee genusHylaeus(Hymenoptera: Colletidae) in the Canary Islands revealed by molecular and citizen science5
Phylogenetic analysis of Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: nitidulidae) from Reunion Island5
The influence of sub-lethal neonicotinoid doses and ambient temperature on individual Apis mellifera scutellata flight efficiency5
Nutritional requirements and effect of nectar and pollen substitute diets on Apis mellifera L. colonies: a review5
Effect of supplemental pantothenic acid on lipid metabolism and antioxidant function of Apis mellifera worker bees5
Effects of advanced chelate-based mineral supplement on adult worker honey bees’ ( Apis mellifera L.) survival, nutritional indices, hypopharyngeal glands’ growth, energ5
Comparative blueberry pollination efficacy of Bombus terrestris and two Apis species in greenhouses5
Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) pests of honey bee colonies in Cameroon5
Does diatomaceous earth (DE) cause mortality on Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris ?5
Task specific behavior of Indian honey bee ( Apis cerana indica ) workers5
Diversity and foraging behaviour of floral visitors assemblages in onion Allium cepa L.5
Supplemental bee pollination effect on the productivity of soybean grown in a low yield potential condition5
Characteristics of honey bee physiological proteins extracted from faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) honey5
A new variant of slow bee paralysis virus revealed by transcriptome analysis5
Effects of honey bee queen exposure to deformed wing virus-A on queen and juvenile infection and colony strength metrics5
Assessment of synthetic acaricide residues in Royal Jelly5
Acute bee paralysis virus field isolates from apiaries suffering colony losses in Türkiye5
Variability of Vairimorpha (=Nosema) ceranae infection level in individual honey bees and its implications on the pooled sample size5
Beneficial effect of sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on the honey bee’s ( Apis mellifera ) immune response and oxidative status5
Delayed flight time of drones and queens as a method for mating control in small-scale honey bee breeding5
Is the flight and foraging activity of small-size stingless bee affected by the urban heat island? The case of Plebeia catamarcensis (Meliponini) in Cordoba city (Argentina)5
Experimental parameters affecting the outcomes of amitraz resistance testing in Varroa destructor4
Impacts of Apis cerana gut microbes on Nosema ceranae proliferation in Apis mellifera4
Contribution of phenolics to the antioxidant potential of propolis from Tetragonula laeviceps and Tetragonula pegdeni and its correlation 4
Testing the selectiveness of electric harps: a mitigation method for reducing Asian hornet impact at beehives4
Bee bread from Anatolia: its chemical composition, phenolic and aromatic profiles, and antioxidant properties4
Bee tourism: apiculture and sustainable development in rural areas4
Morphometrical analyses revealed high diversity of the eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) in mountains and islands in China4
Effect of sub-lethal doses of thiamethoxam on hypopharyngeal glands of Apis mellifera Linnaeus4
Live and dead qPCR detection demonstrates that feeding of Nosema ceranae results in infection in the honey bee but not the bumble bee4
Honey bee stocks exhibit high levels of intra-colony variation in viral loads4
Honey bee gut bacterial communities’ characterisation across different ecosystem qualities in the department of Boyacá, Colombia4
A national survey of managed honey bee colony losses in the USA: Results from the Bee Informed Partnership for 2020–21 and 2021–224
Honey produced by apini and meliponini in Brazil: multivariate analysis of physicochemical parameters, sugar and metabolite profiles4
Lipid oxidation and antioxidant properties of propolis collected in different regions of Turkey4
Old strategies as modern solutions, shook swarming reduced Varroa destructor infestation rates of managed honey bee, Apis mellifera , colo4
Choice of forage plants by the giant honey bee Apis laboriosa Smith in a captive condition outside their native geographic range4
The effect of a novel dietary supplement based on fishery industry waste hydrolysate, essential fatty acids and phytochemicals on honey bee nuclei development4
Diversity and foraging behavior assessment of watermelon pollinators in Tizi-Ouzou area (Algeria)4
Environmental and social drivers of beekeeping in the Gulf of Mexico region4
Effect of pasteurization, dehumidification, refrigeration and maturation on the composition, quality and acceptability of Scaptotrigona depilis honey4
Evaluation of genotoxic and genoprotective effects of Agaricus bisporus extract on AmE-711 honey bee cell line in the Comet assay4
Honey bees colonies in Eucalyptus grandis plantation: when the excess of nectar and pollen limits the queen’s oviposition4
Panuwan Chantawannakul4
Time series analysis of Varroa destructor counts in Ontario honey bee colonies and their association with weather variables4
The effect of nutritional status on the synthesis ability, protein content and gene expression of mandibular glands in honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) workers4
Volatile constituents of different smoking materials in bee honey harvesting and detection of mean differences in calming time using completely randomized design4
The influence of an analog of juvenile hormone on the silk gland of Africanized Apis mellifera larvae reared in vitro4
Distribution, characteristics of nest entrance, and forage plants of an endemic Wallacean species Wallacetrigona incisa (Apidae: Meliponini) in Sulawesi, Indonesia3
Let’s not sugar coat it: the powdered sugar shake is not harmless for honey bee workers3
Data mining hive inspections: more frequently inspected honey bee colonies have higher over-winter survival rates3
Bioactive properties of honeys from stingless bees and Apis mellifera bees in the food industry3
Note: Cytonuclear patterns of a honey bee population from the Azores show a stable population at the nuclear but not at the mitochondrial DNA level3
Molecular survey and phylogenetic analysis of bee pathogens; with a note first detection of Apis mellifera Filamentous Virus , Varroa destructor 3
First record of Anthrax oedipus (diptera: bombyliidae) parasitizing nests of the orchid bee Eufriesea violacea 3
Impact of some sugar types on hemocytic response, wax glands development, and performance of honey bee3
Detection of honey bee viruses in apiaries in Southern Brazil through two standardized multiplex RT-PCR3
Bee venom extraction methods: a comparative study on quantity and honey bee performance3
Selectivity of fungi used in pest control to Africanized Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)3
Biological notes on nesting biology, development and natural enemies of Braunsapis mixta, a pollinator of cashew3
Indian honey bees ( Apis cerana indica ) detoxify imidacloprid and clothianidin: in silico and in vivo anal3
Small hive beetle infestation levels independent of honey bee colony phenotypes: pheromones overruling kairomones?3
Effects of sugar and honey solution on honey bee ( Apis mellifera L.) nutrition and physiology3
Antioxidant and reducing activity of Tilia cordata honey produced by Apis mellifera compared to inflorescence Tilia cordata3
High accuracy monitoring of honey bee colony development by a quantitative method3
Moderate use of pesticides in allotment gardens as indicated by their residues in larval food provisions of Osmia solitary bees3
A new fluorescent method to determine honey bee sperm motility parameters with computer-aided sperm analysis3
Sublethal effects of agricultural insecticides on honey bee behavior and colony sustainability: a review3
Aggression between invasive hymenopterans in Southern California: scutellata -hybrids versus German yellowjackets3
Standard methods and good practices in Apis honey bee omics research3
The pin-killed method is efficient in evaluating hygienic behavior3
First record of Leptus spp. (Acari: Erythraeidae) parasitizing stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini)3
Nest ecology, architecture, and behaviour of the stingless bee ( Meliponula beccarii ) in Baringo County, Kenya3
Honey bee ( Apis mellifera L.) foraging rewards in sunflowers: effect of floral traits on visitation and variation in pollen quality over two consecutive years3
Physiological qualities of honey bee queens ( Apis mellifera ) overwintered in banks2
Honeys derived from plants of the coastal sandplains of Western Australia: antibacterial and antioxidant activity, and other characteristics2
Multivariate GC-MS data analysis of the apolar fraction of brown propolis produced in southern Brazil2
A novel parasitic beetle, Procoryphaeus violaceus , in stingless bees, Tetragonula pagdeni2
Effect of entomopathogenic fungus-formulated bioinsecticides on stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) in the laboratory2
Intestinal microbial diversity in domestic honey bees and evaluation of their probiotic properties2
Impact of insect pollination on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sweet orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck2
Impact of some antimicrobial drugs on the survival and immunity of honey bee workers ( Apis mellifera ) in relation to the gut microbiota2
Prevalence of nosemosis in honey bees (Apis mellifera L., 1758) of the Hatay province in Turkey2
Industrial forestry negatively affects small-farms honey production in south-central Chile: evidence from a landscape scale2
The cadastral survey of honey plant resources in the Altyn Solok Nature Reserve in the Urals, Russia2
Effects of landscape variation on thermoregulation and performance in Apis mellifera honey bee colonies: insights from mtDNA haplotypes2
The importance of Apis mellifera olfaction to social immunity2
An overview of beekeeping in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia2
Standard methods for European foulbrood research 2.02
Standard methods for pollination research with Apis mellifera 2.02
Factors affecting the quantity and quality of honey bee venom collected from entrance and inside the beehive under Egyptian conditions2
Investigation of the efficacy of some biopesticides by food exposure on Bombus terrestris L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)2
Sugar detection and quantification in honey bee and stingless bee honey—A review2
Influence of some abiotic factors on the flight activity of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in Southern Brazil2
An improved technique for direct visualization of plasmid patterns in strains of Paenibacillus larvae2
Propolis and geopropolis from stingless bees as sources of natural antioxidant compounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis2
Varroa destructor control strategies in Apis mellifera colonies: a meta-analysis and systematic revision on natural compounds efficacy2
Apis florea Fabricius, 1787 in the Philippines: morphological confirmation and plant associations across four localities2
Effective control of Varroa destructor mites with Juniperus excelsa, Juglans regia, Origanum onites, and Mentha spicata leaf extracts: a s2
First detection of Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) of the Macaronesian archipelago of Madeira2
Effect of protein and lipids in pollen on the developmental success of the native solitary bee Osmia lignaria Say2
A study about the application of probiotics on Apis mellifera2
Hygienic behaviour in the Australian stingless bees Tetragonula carbonaria and T. hockingsi2
Economic aspects of honey bee queen breeding: insights from a European study2
Nesting behavior and biology of Megachile laticeps (Megachilidae: Hymenoptera)2
Food supplementation does not prevent oxidative stress in forager honey bees exposed to the fungicides bixafen, prothioconazole and trifloxystrobin2
Investigation of beta-glucan activity in honey bees ( Apis mellifera ) infected with Nosema ceranae2
Comparative morphology of the third pair of legs in drones and workers of Tetragonisca angustula (Hymenoptera: Apidae)2
In vitro inhibition of the bacterial honey bee pathogen Melissococcus plutonius with essential oils2
Practical protocol for honey bee immobilization and oral administration of drugs and pathogens2
A SNP-based honey bee paternity assignment test for evaluating the effectiveness of mating stations and its application to the Ataun valley, Basque Country, Spain2
Advice on how to start beekeeping, memories with bees and the uses of honey: results of an online questionnaire with European beekeepers2
Influence of trap nest dimensions on reproductive biology and offspring body size in two centris bee species (hymenoptera: apidae)2
Effects of glyphosate herbicide Roundup® on antioxidant enzymes activity and detoxification-related gene expression in honey bees ( Apis mellifera )2
Toxicology, histophysiological and nutritional changes in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) submitted to limonene and natural pesticides in comparison to synthetic pe2
Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of scaptotrigona mexicana and scaptotrigona pectoralis s2
The effect of centrifugation, osmotic pressure variations and pipetting on drone semen quality2
Evaluation of oxalic acid with glycerin efficacy against Varroa destructor (Varroidae): a four year assay2
Neighborhood effects and honey bee foraging behavior2
Sexually dimorphic responses to monofloral honeys in the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)2
Genomic DNA extraction from honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) queen spermathecal content2
Breeding for hygienic behavior in honey bees (Apis mellifera): a strong paternal effect2
Unveiling beekeepers’ use and preference of precision apiculture systems2
Bacterially expressed dsRNA induces Varroa destructor gene knockdown by honey bee-mediated oral administration2
Determination of the efficacy of thymol, Artemisia absinthium oil and nanoparticle ozone in the treatment of Nosema ceranae in adult honey2
First report of established mite populations, Tropilaelaps mercedesae , in Europe2
Foraging activities of Wallacetrigona incisa (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) and its relationship with abiotic factors in different environments1
Solitary bees in Pampean agroecosystems: a review about current status of knowledge1
Pollination efficiency and foraging behaviour of honey bees and flies to onion Allium cepa L.1
Effective pollination of greenhouse Galia musk melon (Cucumis meloL. var.reticulatusser.) by afrotropical stingless bee species1
Antibacterial effects of propolis and brood comb extracts on the causative agent of European Foulbrood ( Melissococcus plutonius ) in honey bees ( 1
Preliminary observations on the physiology and behavior of  Sytretomorpha szaboi Papp1
Coastal-inland divergence and postglacial expansion in the populations of the orchid bee Euglossa annectans1
A solitary wild bee Megachile oblonga nesting in honey bee wax combs1
Are increasing honey bee colony losses attributed to Varroa destructor in New Zealand driven by miticide resistance?1
Flora associated with stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico1
Comparison of oxalic acid drip and HopGuard for pre-winter Varroa destructor control in honey bee ( Apis mellifera ) colonies1
First report of Ophiocordyceps sp. infecting the Japanese bumble bee Bombus ardens1
Characterisation of proteomic alterations in worker bees in response to amitraz treatment during summer to winter transition in Apis mellifera colonies1
Botanical origin, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant activity of bee pollen samples from the northeast of Portugal1
The effect of landscape composition on stingless bee ( Melipona fasciculata ) honey productivity in a wetland ecosystem of Eastern Amazon, Brazil1
Floral preferences and nesting substrates used by Xylocopa bees (Apidae: Xylocopini) in Brazil1
Impacts of pests and diseases on the decline of managed bees in Brazil: a beekeeper perspective1
Determination of volatile compound profiles and physico-chemical analysis of linden and acacia Czech honey1
Varroa mite removal from whole honey bee colonies by powdered sugar dusting is enhanced by crowding and mechanical agitation of treated workers1
Correction1
Monitoring the oral administration of a beneficial microbes mixture based on Apilactobacillus kunkeei strains, in honey bees1
An integrated system for field studies on honey bees1
On the view of stingless bees’ non-honey foods1
Varroa treatment-free colony losses in the European honey bee ( Apis mellifera): a review of published literature1
In vitro maintenance of drones and development of a new software for sperm quality analysis facilitate the study of honey bee reproductive quality1
Impact of different culture media and culture conditions on the growth and survival of Melissococcus plutonius , the causative agent of European foulbrood1
Deformed wings in introduced solitary bees, Megachile spp., independent of virus infections1
The composition of volatile compounds of Alpine Rhododendron honey1
Varroa destructor infestation in honey bees in Ankara region, and antioxidant properties of produced honey1
The impact of smoke and fogged/vaporized thyme oil on honey bee (Apis mellifera) survival and behavior in vitro1
Production of new colonies of Melipona subnitida Ducke (Hymenoptera: Apidae) by reclamation of excess virgin queens1
Toxicity of the microencapsulated extract of seeds of Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) on Africanized honey bees1
Exploring the impact of protein diets on the honey bee ( Apis mellifera L ): a study on intestinal tissue health and royal jelly protein level1
Mixed diapause duration in cohorts of four species of Osmia bees (Megachilidae) along an elevation and temperature gradient in Northern Utah (USA)1
Introgressive hybridisation puts the distinctive population of Apis mellifera mellifera in Ireland at risk: evidence from a multidisciplinary approach1
Identification of honey bee (Apis mellifera) larvae in the hive with faster R-CNN for royal jelly production1
Cell by cell pilot study of ultrasonic velocity in honey: from immature sugar solution to cell capping1
Impact of stress factors internal and external to the hive on honey bees and their reflection on honey bee products: a review1
Whole genome analyses of introgression in British and Irish Apis mellifera mellifera1
Does consuming irradiated royal jelly affect Apis mellifera larvae development and survival to adulthood in vitro ?1
The association between the hypopharyngeal glands and the molecular mechanism which honey bees secrete royal jelly1
Gluconic acid content is negatively correlated with total sugar content in honey1
Liquid and solid matrix formic acid treatment comparison against Varroa mites in honey bee colonies1
Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of stingless bee honey from Argentina1
The effect of fermented pollen supplements on the percentage of cell acceptance rate and royal jelly production in Iranian honey bees ( Apis mellifera meda )1
Determination of the effects of different Bacillus sp. strains and proteins (Cry1, Cry3 and Cry4) on Varroa destructor and 1
Standard methods for rearing and selection of Apis mellifera queens 2.01
A mini-review on temperature-pathogen interactions and honey bee colony losses1
Effects of hive entrance orientation on honey bee colony activity1
Sampling methodology and storage management effect on deformed wing virus (DWV) quantification using real-time PCR1
Honey bee colony loss rates in 37 countries using the COLOSS survey for winter 2019–2020: the combined effects of operation size, migration and queen replacement1
Effect of different anaesthesia treatments on the onset of oviposition by virgin queen honey bees1
Colony size of amazonian stingless bees and its assessment through intrinsic parameters1
Effect of geographical origin on lipid content and fatty acids composition of bee collected pollen1
More time to fly: with a warming climate the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera, Linnaeus) now has more temperature-eligible flight hours than 40 years ago1
First physicochemical analysis of stingless bee honey from Uganda1
Comb age significantly influences the emergency queen rearing, morphometric and reproductive characteristics of the queens1
Api-tourism potential of Southern Tanzania: a case study of villages around Ruaha and Udzungwa National Parks1
Mitochondrial and nuclear diversity of colonies of varying origins: contrasting patterns inferred from the intergenic tRNAleu-cox2 region and immune SNPs1
Does roundup® affect worker bees ( Apis mellifera ) that inhabit areas of high agrochemical pressure?1
No effect of abscisic and p-coumaric acids as food supplements and stimulants of the immunological system of Africanized hybrids of Apis mellifera1
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