OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The TQCC of IEEE Transactions on Magnetics is 4. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2022-06-01 to 2026-06-01.)

Article	Citations
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Institutional Listings	435
Introducing IEEE Collabratec	119
IEEE MAGNETICS SOCIETY	89
Notice of Removal: Study on Oxidation Process of Sm(Co_0.6Cu_0.08Fe_0.3Zr_0.02)_8.35 Magnetic Powders	75
Modeling and Analysis of Stress Sensitivity and Changing Trend of Magnetization Characteristics of GO Silicon Steel Cut Along Different Angles to the Rolling Direction	44
Magnetic Domain Observation of Milled Nanocrystalline Alloy Powder	39
Field-Free Mutual Synchronization of Parallel Coupled Spin Torque Nano Oscillators Using a Free Layer With First- and Second-Order Uniaxial Anisotropy	37
Study on the Adsorption and Thermal Diffusion of D-4OH Lubricant on Amorphous Carbon Film by Reactive MD Simulation for HAMR	34
Table of Contents	33
Table of Contents	30
Table of Contents	30
Introducing IEEE Collabratec	29
Prediction of the Magnetic State of Ferromagnetic Objects by Assimilating Data into a Physical Model	29
IEEE Magnetics Society Information	29
Introducing IEEE Collabratec	28
Single-Vertex Engineering of Domain Wall Motion in Artificial Spin Ice	27
Influence of Mechanical Stresses Noncoaxial With the Magnetizing Field on the Relative Magnetic Permeability of Electrical Steel	27
Study on the Magnetoresistance Caused by Orbital Angular Momentum	27
Temperature Dependence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction in Pt/Co/Gd Thin Film	26
Lumped Radial Force Characteristics Reconstruction for Switched Reluctance Machines Through Scaling Flux-Linkage Characteristics	24
Optimized Design of Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machines	24
Low Torque Ripple and High Torque Trapezoidal Permanent Magnet Bi-Directional Magnetic Field Modulation Motor by Magnetomotive-Force-Oriented Design	24
A Novel OrbiTran Magnetically Geared Rotating Electrical Machine	23
Thermal Stability and Depinning Currents of Domain Wall-Based Artificial Synapses With Triangular Pinning Notches	23
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Publication Information	22

Novel Magnetic Flux Guiding Structure of Magnetoresistive Sensor for Increased Sensitivity	22
Monotone Signal Localization Using Magnetoresistive Sensor Array for Low-Field Magnetic Particle Imaging	22
Unified Analytical Model From Radial to Axial Permanent Magnet Machine: Conical Flux Machine	22
Study on Magnetic Properties of Toroidal Cores Composed by Electrolytic Iron Powder With Different Shapes	22
Front Cover	22
Design Optimization of Spoke-Type Flux-Intensifying PM Motor With Asymmetric Rotor Configuration for Improved Performance	21
Torque-Ripple-Mitigated Model-Free Predictive Current Control With Extended Control Set for PMSMs	21
Cycloidal Reluctance Magnetic Gears for High Gear Ratio Applications	20
Open-Phase Fault Modeling for Dual Three-Phase PMSM Using Vector Space Decomposition and Negative Sequence Components	20
Computation of Core Losses in Electrical Steel Laminations With Impacts of Normal Flux and PWM Switching Considered	20
Global Magnetic Field Distribution and Open Water Hydrodynamic Performance of a Flux-Modulated Rim-Driven Thruster	20
Analysis of Rotor Eccentricity Fault in IPMSM With Different Armature Winding Structures	20
From Košice to the Orbit: A Successful Story of Applied Magnetism	19
Fast Writing Strategy of STT-MRAM With Pipeline Architecture	19
Comparison of Two Analytical Methods for Calculating Cogging Torque Based on Homopolar Inductor Machines	18
Electrically Controllable Exchange Bias via Interface Magnetoelectric Effect	18
An Intelligent Inversion Method to Identify Railway Ballast Gradation Parameters Using Electromagnetic Wave Reflection	18
Optimization of Force-to-Weight Ratio of Ironless Tubular Linear Motors Using an Analytical Field Calculation Approach	18
Shingled Magnetic Recording Using HAMR Technology	18
Front Cover	18
A Comparison Study of Spin-Transfer Torque- and Spin-Orbit Torque-Based Stochastic Computing Using Computational Random Access Memory (SC-CRAM)	18
Numerical Analysis of DC-Biased Eddy Current Sensor Considering Hysteresis Effects	18
Harmonic Analysis of Magnetic Measurement Signals for Effective Case Depth Evaluation	17
The Effect of Coil-to-Cortex Distance and Induced Electric Field Strength on Resting Motor Thresholds in Schizophrenia Patients	17
IEEE Magnetics Society Information	17
FE-GRN Neural Network in Hard Disk Failure to Optimize Detection for Enhanced Reliability	17
A Versatile Simulation-Assisted Layered Mesh Analysis for Generalized Litz Wire Performance	17
High-Density STT-Assisted SOT-MRAM (SAS-MRAM) for Energy-Efficient AI Applications	16
Topology optimization with arbitrarily many materials: density versus level-set applied to a hybrid excited rotor	16
All-Optical Switching: A Path to Recording Technology Beyond HAMR	16
Magnetic Force Calculation in Reluctance Force Launcher	16
Improved Method for Electromagnetic Analysis of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor with 3D Leakage Flux in Overhang Structures	16
3-D Printed Inductive Displacement/Force Sensor	16
Magnetic Hyperthermia Based on Hysteresis Heating Alone	16
Modeling and Calculation of Core Loss and Heat Distribution in Ultra-Thin Wound Core Reactor Based on Electromagnetic and Fluid-Thermal Coupling	16
Particle Swarm Optimization With Varied Social Network for Reliable Parameter Estimation in Thermal Analysis of Electrical Machines	16
Wideband Multiple Bessel Beams With Desired Directions and Energy Distribution Proportion Based on Time Reversal and Genetic Algorithm in Microwave	16
Utilizing Helicoidal and Translational Symmetries Together in 2-D Models of Twisted Litz Wire Strand Bundles	15
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Institutional Listings	15
2-D Analytical Model for Computing Eddy-Current Loss in Nonlinear Thick Steel Laminations	15
Topology Optimization of a Surface Permanent Magnet Motor With High Torque Density	15
Magnetic Properties Measurement and Analysis of Ultra-thin Grain-oriented Silicon Steel Considering Uniaxial and Biaxial Stress Loads	15
Design of N-S-Iron Interleaved Asymmetric Pole Arc Coefficient 24-slot/20-pole CPPM Machine with Rotor Inner Slots	15
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Institutional Listings	15
Zero-State Insert Dual-Layer HAMR Media Recording	15
Efficient Encoding Algorithm and Architecture for 2-D Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Codes With Applications to 2-D Magnetic Recording	15
Experimental Characterization and Analysis of Magnetic Local Forces in Nonlinear Magnetic Materials	15
Front Cover	15
Study on Structural and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Substituted Permalloy Amorphous Nanocrystalline Ribbons	15
Table of Contents	14

Table of Contents	14
Table of Contents	14
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Institutional Listings	14
Grain-Boundary Structures and Evolution in an Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnet	14
Introducing IEEE Collabratec	14
Table of Contents	14
Introducing IEEE Collabratec	14
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Publication Information	14
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Publication Information	14
A GPU-Accelerated Semi-Implicit Method for Large-Scale Nonlinear Eddy-Current Problems Using Adaptive Time Step Control	13
Limitations of the Two-Step Darwin Model in Frequency Domain	13
Effect of Magnetic Interactions on Magnetic Remanence in a Fine Particle System	13
Magnetic Field Analysis of Coplanar Coils and Linear Magnetic Materials Using the Equivalent Permanent Magnetization and Magnetic Scalar Potential	13
Investigation of Post-Demagnetization Back-EMF in Modular Multi-Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines	13
Table of Contents	13
Effect of MgO Grain Boundaries on the Interfacial Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory: A First-Principles Study	13
Advanced Design of PWM Inverter Fed Permanent Magnet Motors	13
Valence Band Dispersion in Bi-Doped (Ga,Mn)As Epitaxial Layers	13
Analysis of Magnetomechanical Properties at the Tooth–Yoke Embedding Position in Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Electric Motors	13
Residual Stress Monitoring in Magnetostrictive Cylinders and Tubes	13
Development of a Tri-Axis Concentric Fluxgate Magnetometer With High Orthogonality and High Linearity	13
Truncation Error Formula for Multi-Port Cauer Ladder Networks	13
Design of Non-Isolated Modulation Code With Minimum Hamming Distance of 3 for Bit-Patterned Media-Recording Systems	13
Development of Magneto–Thermo–Mechanical Analytical Models for High-Speed Induction Machine	13
IEEE Magnetics Society Information	13
Fatigue Propagation Analysis of Crack Failure in High-Power IGBT Solder Based on Multiphysics Coupling Model and XFEM	13
Comparative Study of Field Modulation Effects in Consequent-Pole PM Machines With Different Stator Slot Configurations	13
Static Analysis and Eccentric Design Combining Permanent Magnets With Inner Rotor on Drag-Cup Motor	13
Effects of Nb Content on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of the Sm₁.₂Zr₀.₂(Fe₀.₈Co₀.₂)₁₁.₅-ₓ Ti₀.₅Nbₓ (x=0 –0.4, at.%) Alloys	13
The Effect of Temperature and Film Thickness on Domain Wall Energy Density, Coercivity Force, and Magnetostriction of Galfenol Films	12
Investigation of Magnetic Immunity of SOT-MRAM with Shielding Package	12
Model Order Reduction of Cage Induction Motor With Skewed Rotor Slots Using Multiport Cauer Ladder Network Method	12
A Novel Slot PM-Assisted Hybrid Magnet Memory Machine	12
Multi-Objective Automatic Design of Permanent Magnet Motor Using Monte Carlo Tree Search	12
Improvement of CNN-Based Anisotropic Magnetostatic Field Computation via Adaptive Data Subset Selection	12
Nonlinear Hybrid Model for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines Including Magnet Permeability and Efficient Coupling	12
Effect of Hardening on the Magnetic Behavior of AISI 1045 Steel	12
Accelerated Design and Characterization of Inductive Position Sensors through AI-Driven Design Support System	12
Axial-Field Switched-Reluctance Machine for In-Wheel Motor Applications: Hybrid Analytical Modeling (Reluctance Network and formal Analytical solution) and Inductance Measurements	12
Design and Analysis of a Partitioned-Stator Hybrid Excited Permanent Magnet Arc Motor	12
Examination of Thinning Inspection Method for Ferromagnetic Steel Tubes Using Velocity Effect of Static Magnetic Field	12
Optimization of IPM Motor using Advanced Iron Laminations for High-Speed Electric Vehicle Applications	12
A Study on Reducing Cogging Torque of IPMSM Applying Rotating Tapering	12
Realization of Different Anisotropy Direction for Each Thin-Film Magnetoimpedance Element on the Same Substrate	12
Orientation Effect and Enhancement Mechanism of Magnetoelectric Conversion Performance in Multilayer Nanocomposite for Magnetic Field Perception	12
Characteristics Estimation and Design of SPMSM using Analytic Method-based Transfer Learning	12
OGII: An Optimized Generalized Integrated Interleaved Decoder for Optical Disk Storage	12
Time-Resolved Observations of a Surface Domain Wall Distortions Induced by Torsion in Amorphous Glass-Coated Microwires	11
Multi-Level Monte Carlo sampling with Parallel-in-Time Integration for Uncertainty Quantification in Electric Machine Simulation	11
Repeatability of Tests for Validation of Iron Loss Models in Electrical Machines	11
CGO-Driven Design of Magnetic Material and Plasma Integrated Next-Generation Broadband Pyramidal Microwave Absorber	11
Optimization and Comparison of 1 MW-Class PM Motors for Aircraft Propulsion Using Litz Wire and Hairpin Windings	11
Harmonic-domain Model Order Reduction Approach for MQS Problem by SPOD-HBS	11
Non-Contact Manipulation of Induced Magnetic Dipoles	11
Open circuit magnetic field calculation of the V-shaped interior PM machine with non-uniform air-gap	11
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Institutional Listings	11
Efficient Spin-Orbit Torque Magnetization Switching With Low Current Density in Crystalline Ferromagnetic Semiconductor	11
Electro-Magnetic Decoupling Preconditioner for Eddy Current Problems with External Circuit Coupling	11
Effect of Tension and Compression Stress on the Magnetic Losses in a Low-Carbon Steel	11
Topology-Parameter Hybrid Optimization of Skewed Permanent Magnet Motor	11
Magnetic Sensors for Magnetic Communication: A Comparison Between Giant Magneto-Impedance (GMI) and Induction-Based Sensors	11
In-Plane Component Reduction and K _u Enhancement of FePt-Oxide Granular Films by Using (Pt, Ag)-C/FePtCu-C Stacked Granula	11
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Publication Information	11
Assessment of the Impact of Static Field Inhomogeneity on the Performance of Miniaturized NMR Devices	11
Boundary Integral Equation Method for Compensating Magnetostatic Fields of Thin Shells	11
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics publication information	11
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics publication information	11
Sensitivity Focusing Through Coil Angle Variation in Eddy Current Testing	11
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Institutional Listings	11
The Dust Proof in Magnetic Fluid Seal	11
Topology Optimization of Microstrip Lines With Experimental Validation	11
Optimizing Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording Plasmonic Structures via Deep Generative Models	11
Novel Multiple Magnetic Source Axial Flux Modulation Machines for Aviation Propulsion Applications	11
Spinor Formulation of the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert Equation With Geometric Algebra	11
Anisotropic FMR Peak Widths in Fe-Co Single Crystal Thin Films	11
Introducing IEEE Collabratec	11
Resonance Transition Radiation in One-dimensional Moiré Lattices	10
Self-Writing xnor Magnetic Random Access Memory for Binary Neural Network Acceleration	10
Global and Local Sensitivity Analysis Applied to Electric Motor Design by Polynomial Chaos Expansion	10
Multimode Excitation Analysis and Design of a New Hybrid Excited Modular Stator Permanent Magnet Switched Reluctance Machine	10

Parallel-in-Space-and-Time Finite-Element Method for Time-Periodic Magnetic Field Problems With Hysteresis	10
TechRxiv: Share Your Preprint Research with the World!	10
Analysis of Pulsating Magnetic Fields in a Parallel Stator Winding Eccentric Rotor Induction Motor	10
MagAnalyst: A MATLAB Toolbox for Anhysteretic Magnetization Analysis	10
Research on Torque Performance of a Traction Motor by Using Fe-Co-V Soft Magnetic Alloys	10
Numerical and Experimental Methods to Estimate Eddy-Current Losses in Grooved Solid Rotors as Used in Synchronous Machines	10
Machine Learning-Based Prediction Models for Magnetic Hyperthermia	10
Machine Learning-based Reduced Order Modeling of Nonlinear and Multiphysics Magnetic Devices	10
Dual Induction Eddy Current Probe for Vibration Noise Reduction	10
Magnetomechanical Multiscale Hysteresis Model of Electrical Steel Sheets in the Finite Element Simulation of a Transformer	10
CRP: Conditional Replacement Policy for Reliability Enhancement of STT-MRAM Caches	10
An Edge-Based Smoothed Finite Element Method for Magnetic Field Analysis in Permanent Magnet Motors	10
A Compensated Mini-Permeameter for Localized Magnetic Loss Measurements on Magnetic Laminations	10
Track Mis-Registration Estimator Based on K-Means Algorithm for Bit-Patterned Media Recording	10
Performance Prediction of a Ferrite-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine Considering Different Control Strategies Using Open-Source Finite Element Analysis	10
Improvement on Loss Separation Method for Core Loss Calculation Under High-Frequency Sinusoidal and Nonsinusoidal Excitation	10
Generation of Unmeasured Loading Levels Data for Condition Monitoring of Induction Machine Using Machine Learning	10
Anisotropic Mesh Adaptation Based on Error Estimation for 3-D Finite-Element Simulation of Electromagnetic Material Processing	10
Compensating Low-Frequency Signal With Indirect Current Feedback in Rectangular Wave Eddy Current Testing Using Tunnel Magnetoresistive Sensor	10
Thermal Phase Transitions in a Deformable Quantum Spin-1/2 XX Chain in a Transverse Magnetic Field	10
Blind Efficient Method for Optimizing Jiles–Atherton Model Parameters	10
Research and Analysis of Toroidal and Conventional Windings in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine	10
A 3-D Boundary Element Source Method for Anisotropic Objects Embedded in Isotropic Background Medium	10
Comparison of Hyper-Reduction Methods Combined With POD: Model Order Reduction of a Squirrel Cage Induction Machine in Nonlinear Case	10
Front Cover	10
Visual Interpretation of Topology Optimization Results Based on Deep Learning	10
Optimal Selection of Angular Input Data for the ODF-Based Model Applied to B–H Magnetization Curves of Grain-Oriented Electrical Steels	10
Thermal Footprint Measurements for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording	10
Stator Magnet Analysis for a Novel Magnetic Levitation Actuator	10
Novel Wedge-Less Stator to Reduce Shaft Voltage in IPMSM for EV Propulsion Considering Manufacturability	10
Exact Modal Decomposition of Axial Currents in Bulk and Hollow Conducting Cylinders	9
Low-Concentration Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy Using Gradiometric Receive Coil-Coupled Magnetoresistive Sensor	9
Transient Modeling of Induction Machine Using Artificial Neural Network Surrogate Models	9
AC Magnetic Field Dependent Hyperthermia for Controlled Heating Near Therapeutic Temperature	9
Ferroelectric-Modulated Spin to Charge Conversion and THz Emission in Bilayer WTe ₂ Heterostructures	9
IEEE Magnetics Society Information	9
Optimal Sensor Placement via Parameterized Background Data Weak Method Applied to Magnetostatic Problems Including Anisotropy	9
Analysis of the Excess Loss in High-Frequency Magnetization Process Through Machine Learning and Topological Data Analysis	9
A study on Performance Improvement of Axial Flux Motor Through Halbach Array and Same Direction Skew	9
Front Cover	9
IEEE MAGNETICS SOCIETY	9
Magnetic Field Analysis and Performance Optimization of Double-Rotor Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor	9
High-Frequency Modeling of Granular Soft Magnetic Materials With Local Model Order Reduction	9
Development of Ultra-Thin CoPt Films With Electrodeposition for 3-D Domain Wall Motion Memory	9
Speeding up the Iron Losses Calculation using Clustering Technics	9
Magnetic Coupling Path Reconfiguration in Multi-Node Domino Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Insulator Monitoring	9
Self-Generation of Spatiotemporal Parametric Patterns in Active Ring Resonators Based on Single- and Bicomponent Magnonic Quasicrystals	9
Magnetic Correlations in Generalized 2-D Planar Rotator Models With Higher-Order Terms	9
Error Estimator for Cauer Ladder Network Representation	9
Switchable nonreciprocity of spin-wave interference patterns in in-plane/perpendicular-magnetic-anisotropy waveguide system	9
Homogenization Method Based on Cauer Ladder Network Representation of Unit Cell	9
Composition and Temperature Control of Spin Canting in Mn _3+x Pt Noncollinear Antiferromagnet	9
Propagation Characteristics of End-Winding Insulation Fatigue Damage in Variable Frequency Motor Under Multi-Field Coupling	9
IEEE Magnetics Society Information	9
Advanced Micromagnetic Modeling of Recording Heads	9
Novel Power-Saving Algorithm for AMR Magnetometer With Fast Settling Feedback Loop	9
Effects of Winding Lorentz Force and Winding Structure on Shunt Reactor Core Vibration	9
An Estimation Method of Magnetic Coupling Coefficient Between Two Microstrip Lines Using Machine Learning of Near-Field Information	9
An Effective Material Approach for the Nonlinear Eddy Current Problem for a Laminated Open Core Including Stray Fields	9
Development of CoZrTaB Laminated Thin Films With Novel CMOS Compatible Dielectric Material	9
A New Optimized IPMSM for EVs With Reduced Magnet Loss for Over-Modulation Operation	9
An Energy-Saving Series Elastic Actuator With Variable Torque-Speed Characteristics Using Reconfigurable Epicyclic-Driven Actuation	9
Fabrication of Co–Hf-Doped Ba–Sr Hexagonal Ferrite for Economical and Lightweight Microwave Absorber Application: Functionalization of Structural, Morphological, Hysteresis, Electromagnetic Metrics, a	9
Evaluation of Sensor and Analysis Area in the Signal Source Estimation by Spatial Filter for Magnetocardiography	9
Front Cover	9
Implementation of ENG Metasurfaces for 5G Antenna Systems	9
Macroscopic Modeling of Mn–Zn Ferrites Based on Analytical Dynamic Material Models	9
Ultrafast Ferromagnetic Spin Switching by a Single Pair of Optical Pulses	9
Table of Contents	9
Magnetic Layer Thickness Influence on Magnetoelastic Properties Anisotropy in Co₂Fe_0.4Mn_0.6Si Heusler Alloy Thin Films	9
Second-Order Approximation of Nonlinear Eddy-Current Problems by a Cauer Ladder Network	9
Secondary Recrystallization Texture and Magnetostriction in Fe-Ga Alloy Ultra-Thin Sheet	9
Study of Resistivity Distribution in Modified Surface Steel	8
A Multimaterial Topology Optimization Considering the PM Nonlinearity	8
Polar Finite-Difference-Based Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Eddy Current Problems	8
Regulation of Magnetic Properties in Fe-based Composite Ribbons by External Magnetic Field Coating	8
A Novel Consequent-Pole Bearingless Permanent Magnet Motor with Active Axial Suspension	8
Table of Contents	8
Multiaxial Validation of a Magneto-Elastic Vector-Play Model	8
Synthesized Magnetic Field Focusing for the Non-Destructive Testing of Oil and Gas Well Casing Pipes Using Pulsed Eddy-Current Array	8
Parameter Estimation Method for Dual-Stator Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Incremental Inductance	8
Influence of Heat-Treatment on Magnetic Properties of Melt-Spun Fe-6.5wt.%Si Ribbons	8
Discovering Pareto-Optimal Magnetic-Design Solutions via a Generative Adversarial Network	8
A 3-D Magneto-Thermal Coupling Model for Ferrite Toroidal Cores Based on Vector Magnetic-Circuit Theory	8
Tuning Texture and Magnetic Properties of Bulk Pr₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe Nanocomposite Magnets via Cu Addition	8
Design Optimization of Rotor Bridge and Fixing Hole for Spoke-Type PMSM	8
Wearable Wireless Magnetic-Reluctance-Based Pressure Sensing Module for Intraoral Pressure Monitoring	8
Characterization and Multiscale Modeling of the Magneto-Elastic Behavior of Galfenol	8
Experimental Demonstration of a Low Optical Loss AlN Heatsink for Reduction of HAMR NFT Self-Heating	8
Integrated Mechanical–Electromagnetic Design and Experimental Validation of a High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering Sleeve Interference Fit and Harmonic Losses	8
Accuracy Investigation of High-Frequency Core-Loss Measurement for Low-Permeability Magnetic Materials	8
A Low-Equivalent Magnetic Noise and High-Sensitivity Magneto-Electric Coupling Sensor Based on Series Structure	8
Optimization Method for Magnetic-Head Positioning Control System in HDD Against Unexpected Plant Perturbations by Using Data Mining Techniques	8
Boosting the Signal From the Lower Recording Structure in Three-Dimensional Magnetic Recording	8
Magnetic Field Calculation in Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor With Rotor Eccentricity	8