Geoderma

Article	Citations
Long-term impacts of topsoil depth and amendments on soil physical and hydrological properties of an Alfisol in central Ohio, USA	183
Digital mapping of GlobalSoilMap soil properties at a broad scale: A review	170
Biochar’s stability and effect on the content, composition and turnover of soil organic carbon	156
Long-term organic fertilizer substitution increases rice yield by improving soil properties and regulating soil bacteria	146
Biological soil health indicators respond to tillage intensity: A US meta-analysis	140
Climate, carbon content, and soil texture control the independent formation and persistence of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter in soil	113
Effects of nitrogen enrichment on soil microbial characteristics: From biomass to enzyme activities	100
Assessing the effects of deforestation and intensive agriculture on the soil quality through digital soil mapping	99
Cover cropping enhances soil microbial biomass and affects microbial community structure: A meta-analysis	93
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation for wind erosion control of desert soil: Field-scale tests	92
Soil organic matter in major pedogenic soil groups	90
Adsorption of phosphate and cadmium on iron (oxyhydr)oxides: A comparative study on ferrihydrite, goethite, and hematite	87
Soil acidification as an additional driver to organic carbon accumulation in major Chinese croplands	85
Comparing carbon and nitrogen stocks in paddy and upland soils: Accumulation, stabilization mechanisms, and environmental drivers	80
Effects of warming on carbon and nitrogen cycling in alpine grassland ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau: A meta-analysis	80
Multi-algorithm comparison for predicting soil salinity	79
An explicit definition of earthworm ecological categories – Marcel Bouché’s triangle revisited	79
Revisiting tropical peatlands in Indonesia: Semi-detailed mapping, extent and depth distribution assessment	75
Simultaneous prediction of soil properties from VNIR-SWIR spectra using a localized multi-channel 1-D convolutional neural network	75
Climate change impacts on agricultural suitability and yield reduction in a Mediterranean region	71
Investigation of the spatial and temporal variation of soil salinity using random forests in the central desert of Iran	71
Long-term lime and gypsum amendment increase nitrogen fixation and decrease nitrification and denitrification gene abundances in the rhizosphere and soil in a tropical no-till intercropping system	70
Tuning support vector machines regression models improves prediction accuracy of soil properties in MIR spectroscopy	70
Combination of Convolutional Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks for predicting soil properties using Vis–NIR spectroscopy	69
Change in composition and potential functional genes of soil bacterial and fungal communities with secondary succession in Quercus liaotungensis forests of the Loess Plateau, western China	65

Effects of commonly used nitrification inhibitors—dicyandiamide (DCD), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), and nitrapyrin—on soil nitrogen dynamics and nitrifiers in three typical paddy soils	65
Soil microbial community and network changes after long-term use of plastic mulch and nitrogen fertilization on semiarid farmland	65
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi biofertilizer improves American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) growth under the continuous cropping regime	64
Pyrolysis temperature affects pore characteristics of rice straw and canola stalk biochars and biochar-amended soils	63
Can conservation agriculture increase soil carbon sequestration? A modelling approach	63
Rapid estimation of soil cation exchange capacity through sensor data fusion of portable XRF spectrometry and Vis-NIR spectroscopy	63
Evaluation of reanalysis soil temperature and soil moisture products in permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau	62
Alkaline phosphatase activity mediates soil organic phosphorus mineralization in a subalpine forest ecosystem	62
The ecosystem services of urban soils: A review	61
Mapping soil organic carbon stock by hyperspectral and time-series multispectral remote sensing images in low-relief agricultural areas	61
The stronger impact of inorganic nitrogen fertilization on soil bacterial community than organic fertilization in short-term condition	61
Review of algorithms and parameterizations to determine unfrozen water content in frozen soil	61
Exploring the potential of airborne hyperspectral image for estimating topsoil organic carbon: Effects of fractional-order derivative and optimal band combination algorithm	61
Vegetation type rather than climate modulates the variation in soil enzyme activities and stoichiometry in subalpine forests in the eastern Tibetan Plateau	60
An investigation into the relationship between saturated permeability and microstructure of remolded loess: A case study from Chinese Loess Plateau	59
Multi-task convolutional neural networks outperformed random forest for mapping soil particle size fractions in central Iran	59
Biochar addition combined with daily fertigation improves overall soil quality and enhances water-fertilizer productivity of cucumber in alkaline soils of a semi-arid region	59
Improving the spatial prediction of soil salinity in arid regions using wavelet transformation and support vector regression models	58
Assessing agricultural salt-affected land using digital soil mapping and hybridized random forests	54
Scale and REV analyses for porosity and pore connectivity measures in undisturbed soil	54
Strategies for the efficient estimation of soil organic matter in salt-affected soils through Vis-NIR spectroscopy: Optimal band combination algorithm and spectral degradation	54
Effect of biochar on desiccation cracking characteristics of clayey soils	54
Immobilization of Pb and Cu by organic and inorganic amendments in contaminated soil	54
Pedoclimatic zone-based three-dimensional soil organic carbon mapping in China	53
Effect of simulated acid rain on soil CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions and microbial communities in an agricultural soil	53
Soil properties: Their prediction and feature extraction from the LUCAS spectral library using deep convolutional neural networks	53
Soil organic carbon, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and soil structural stability as affected by previous and current land-use	53
An attention-aware LSTM model for soil moisture and soil temperature prediction	52
Enhancing the accuracy of machine learning models using the super learner technique in digital soil mapping	52
Assembly processes of abundant and rare microbial communities in orchard soil under a cover crop at different periods	52
Response of soil labile organic carbon fractions and carbon-cycle enzyme activities to vegetation degradation in a wet meadow on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau	52
Pyrolysis temperature of biochar affects ecoenzymatic stoichiometry and microbial nutrient-use efficiency in a bamboo forest soil	52
Feasibility of the 4 per 1000 initiative in Bavaria: A reality check of agricultural soil management and carbon sequestration scenarios	52
Pore system characteristics of soil aggregates and their relevance to aggregate stability	51
Temporal dynamics of litter quality, soil properties and microbial strategies as main drivers of the priming effect	51
N addition increased microbial residual carbon by altering soil P availability and microbial composition in a subtropical Castanopsis forest	49
A review and evaluation of 39 thermal conductivity models for frozen soils	49
Four years of continuous use of soil-biodegradable plastic mulch: impact on soil and groundwater quality	49
Soil quality response to organic amendments on dryland red soil in subtropical China	49
Metagenomics reveals divergent functional profiles of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling under long-term addition of chemical and organic fertilizers in the black soil region	49
Conventional flooding irrigation and over fertilization drives soil pH decrease not only in the top- but also in subsoil layers in solar greenhouse vegetable production systems	49
Importance and strength of environmental controllers of soil organic carbon changes with scale	48
Photosynthetic limits on carbon sequestration in croplands	48
Global soil science research collaboration in the 21st century: Time to end helicopter research	48
Hydroxyapatite nanorods, hydrochar, biochar, and zeolite for controlled-release urea fertilizers	48
Soil carbonates: The unaccounted, irrecoverable carbon source	47
Long-term effects of vegetation and soil on the microbial communities following afforestation of farmland with Robinia pseudoacacia plantations	47
Mechanism of biochar as a biostimulation strategy to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from heavily contaminated soil in a coking plant	46
Effects of plant diversity and soil properties on soil fungal community structure with secondary succession in the Pinus yunnanensis forest	46
Global meta-analysis suggests that no-tillage favourably changes soil structure and porosity	46

Soil physical changes induced by sugarcane cultivation in the Atlantic Forest biome, northeastern Brazil	46
Large scale mapping of soil organic carbon concentration with 3D machine learning and satellite observations	45
Predicting soil texture from smartphone-captured digital images and an application	45
Differential responses of soil bacteria and fungi to altered precipitation in a meadow steppe	45
Organic-C quality as a key driver of microbial nitrogen immobilization in soil: A meta-analysis	45
Effect of biochar on soil properties on the Loess Plateau: Results from field experiments	45
Integrated farming systems influence soil organic matter dynamics in southeastern Brazil	45
Soil health and ecosystem services: Lessons from sub-Sahara Africa (SSA)	45
Crops for increasing soil organic carbon stocks – A global meta analysis	44
Soil degradation and recovery – Changes in organic matter fractions and structural stability	44
Rhizosphere priming regulates soil organic carbon and nitrogen mineralization: The significance of abiotic mechanisms	44
Soil organic carbon in peninsular Spain: Influence of environmental factors and spatial distribution	44
Three-dimensional digital soil mapping of multiple soil properties at a field-scale using regression kriging	44
Effect of infiltration rate changes in urban soils on stormwater runoff process	43
Model averaging for mapping topsoil organic carbon in France	43
Mechanisms underlying the mitigation of both N2O and NO emissions with field-aged biochar in an Anthrosol	43
Water erosion aspects of land degradation neutrality to landscape planning tools at national scale	43
Fusion of Vis-NIR and XRF spectra for estimation of key soil attributes	42
Fencing as an effective approach for restoration of alpine meadows: Evidence from nutrient limitation of soil microbes	42
Semi-supervised DNN regression on airborne hyperspectral imagery for improved spatial soil properties prediction	42
Prediction of various soil properties for a national spatial dataset of Scottish soils based on four different chemometric approaches: A comparison of near infrared and mid-infrared spectroscopy	41
Depth-dependent soil C-N-P stoichiometry in a mature subtropical broadleaf forest	41
Legacy data-based national-scale digital mapping of key soil properties in India	41
Substrate availability and soil microbes drive temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon mineralization to warming along an elevation gradient in subtropical Asia	41
Effects of plastic and straw mulching on soil microbial P limitations in maize fields: Dependency on soil organic carbon demonstrated by ecoenzymatic stoichiometry	40
Decreasing microbial phosphorus limitation increases soil carbon release	40
Estimation of total nitrogen and organic carbon contents in mine soils with NIR reflectance spectroscopy and various chemometric methods	40
Modelling and mapping soil organic carbon stocks under future climate change in south-eastern Australia	40
Regional-scale mapping for determining geochemical background values in soils of the Itacaiúnas River Basin, Brazil: The use of compositional data analysis (CoDA)	40
Soil subgroup prediction via portable X-ray fluorescence and visible near-infrared spectroscopy	40
Exploring the relationship between soil structure and soil functions via pore-scale imaging	40
Spatial and seasonal variations of sand-dust events and their relation to atmospheric conditions and vegetation cover in semi-arid regions of central Iran	40
Dynamics of phosphorus speciation and the phoD phosphatase gene community in the rhizosphere and bulk soil along an estuarine freshwater-oligohaline gradient	40
Coexistence between antibiotic resistance genes and metal resistance genes in manure-fertilized soils	39
Soil texture prediction using portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and visible near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy	39
Dynamics of soil microbial metabolic activity during grassland succession after farmland abandonment	39
National-scale geodata describe widespread accelerated soil erosion	39
Effect of rainfall intensity and duration on soil erosion on slopes with different microrelief patterns	39
Use of multiple LIDAR-derived digital terrain indices and machine learning for high-resolution national-scale soil moisture mapping of the Swedish forest landscape	39
Revealing the scale- and location-specific controlling factors of soil organic carbon in Tibet	39
Hydrothermal processes of near-surface warm permafrost in response to strong precipitation events in the Headwater Area of the Yellow River, Tibetan Plateau	38
Assessing toxic metal chromium in the soil in coal mining areas via proximal sensing: Prerequisites for land rehabilitation and sustainable development	38
Soil-based, field-specific fertilizer recommendations are a pipe-dream	38
Review on protozoic silica and its role in silicon cycling	38
Legacy of soil health improvement with carbon increase following one time amendment of biochar in a paddy soil – A rice farm trial	38
Effects of rehabilitation through afforestation on soil aggregate stability and aggregate-associated carbon after forest fires in subtropical China	37
Contribution of root decay process on soil infiltration capacity and soil water replenishment of planted forestland in semi-arid regions	37
A few key nirK- and nosZ-denitrifier taxa play a dominant role in moisture-enhanced N2O emissions in acidic paddy soil	37
Decreased N2O and NO emissions associated with stimulated denitrification following biochar amendment in subtropical tea plantations	37
Multi-algorithm comparison to predict soil organic matter and soil moisture content from cell phone images	37
Colloidal iron and organic carbon control soil aggregate formation and stability in arable Luvisols	37
Going submicron in the precise analysis of soil structure: A FIB-SEM imaging study at nanoscale	37
Quantitative assessment of soil quality indices for urban croplands in a calcareous semi-arid ecosystem	37
Predicting soil properties in 3D: Should depth be a covariate?	37
Deep soil moisture limits the sustainable vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau	37
Determining prone areas to gully erosion and the impact of land use change on it by using multiple-criteria decision-making algorithm in arid and semi-arid regions	37
Prediction of soil organic and inorganic carbon concentrations in Tunisian samples by mid-infrared reflectance spectroscopy using a French national library	36
Factors determining Zn availability and uptake by plants in soils developed under Mediterranean climate	36
Effects of dynamic factors of erosion on soil nitrogen and phosphorus loss under freeze-thaw conditions	36
Transferability between soil organic matter measurement methods for database harmonization	36
Assessing the sensitivity and repeatability of permanganate oxidizable carbon as a soil health metric: An interlab comparison across soils	36
Neoformed aluminosilicate and phytogenic silica are competitive sinks in the silicon soil–plant cycle	36
Food security impacts of the “4 per Thousand” initiative	36
Crop yield-soil quality balance in double cropping in China’s upland by organic amendments: A meta-analysis	35
Strength and durability of biocemented sands: Wetting-drying cycles, ageing effects, and liquefaction resistance	35
Analysing the impact of soil spatial sampling on the performances of Digital Soil Mapping models and their evaluation: A numerical experiment on Quantile Random Forest using clay contents obtained fro	35
Quantifying the interactive effect of water absorbing polymer (WAP)-soil texture on plant available water content and irrigation frequency	35
Role of crystalline iron oxides on stabilization of inositol phosphates in soil	35
Towards moss biocrust effects on surface soil water holding capacity: Soil water retention curve analysis and modeling	35
Multifractal characteristics of soil particle distribution under different vegetation types in the Yellow River Delta chenier of China	35
Ten challenges for the future of pedometrics	35
Nitrogen pools in soil covered by biological soil crusts of different successional stages in a temperate desert in Central Asia	35
Nitrogen additions increase N2O emissions but reduce soil respiration and CH4 uptake during freeze–thaw cycles in an alpine meadow	34
pH-induced changes in fungal abundance and composition affects soil heterotrophic nitrification after 30 days of artificial pH manipulation	34
Soil microbial community composition and function are closely associated with soil organic matter chemistry along a latitudinal gradient	34
Water and salt exchange flux and mechanism in a dry saline soil amended with buried straw of varying thicknesses	34
Application of residue, inorganic fertilizer and lime affect phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms and microbial biomass under different tillage and cropping systems in a Ferralsol	34
Temporal variation in soil erodibility indices for five typical land use types on the Loess Plateau of China	34
Litter quality, mycorrhizal association, and soil properties regulate effects of tree species on the soil fauna community	34
Influence of corn residue biochar on water retention and penetration resistance in a calcareous sandy loam soil	33

Comparison of conditioned Latin hypercube and feature space coverage sampling for predicting soil classes using simulation from soil maps	33
Carbon accumulation and aggregation are mediated by fungi in a subtropical soil under conservation agriculture	33
Mapping soil organic carbon and clay using remote sensing to predict soil workability for enhanced climate change adaptation	33
Synergy of saprotrophs with mycorrhiza for litter decomposition and hotspot formation depends on nutrient availability in the rhizosphere	33
Clay content modulates differences in bacterial community structure in soil aggregates of different size	33
Evaluating validation strategies on the performance of soil property prediction from regional to continental spectral data	32
Linking soil nutrient cycling and microbial community with vegetation cover in riparian zone	32
Dual nature of soil structure: The unity of aggregates and pores	32
Does biochar application alleviate soil compaction? Review and data synthesis	32
Global patterns of soil autotrophic respiration and its relation to climate, soil and vegetation characteristics	32
Soil pore network response to freeze-thaw cycles in permafrost aggregates	32
Potential of geoelectrical methods to monitor root zone processes and structure: A review	32
Linking rocky desertification to soil erosion by investigating changes in soil magnetic susceptibility profiles on karst slopes	32
Recharge mechanisms of deep soil water revealed by water isotopes in deep loess deposits	32
Initial soil aggregate formation and stabilisation in soils developed from calcareous loess	32
The relative contribution of ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea to N2O emission from two paddy soils with different fertilizer N sources: A microcosm study	32
An iron-dependent burst of hydroxyl radicals stimulates straw decomposition and CO2 emission from soil hotspots: Consequences of Fenton or Fenton-like reactions	32
Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity of typical revegetated plants on steep gully slopes of Chinese Loess Plateau	32
Interplay between iron species transformation and hydroxyl radicals production in soils and sediments during anoxic-oxic cycles	32
Nitrogen deposition enhances plant-microbe interactions in a semiarid grassland: The role of soil physicochemical properties	32
Aluminum mobilization as influenced by soil organic matter during soil and mineral acidification: A constant pH study	31
Soil and vegetation carbon stocks after land-use changes in a seasonally dry tropical forest	31
Estimating soil organic carbon stock change at multiple scales using machine learning and multivariate geostatistics	31
Joint mitigation of NH3 and N2O emissions by using two synthetic inhibitors in an irrigated cropping soil	31
Disentangling the effects of OM quality and soil texture on microbially mediated structure formation in artificial model soils	31
X-ray micro-computed tomography characterized soil pore network as influenced by long-term application of manure and fertilizer	31
Response of organic acid-mobilized heavy metals in soils to biochar application	31
Biochar application driven change in soil internal forces improves aggregate stability: Based on a two-year field study	31
Assessing countrywide soil organic carbon stock using hybrid machine learning modelling and legacy soil data in Cameroon	31
Estimating the water characteristic curve for soil containing residual plastic film based on an improved pore-size distribution	31
A self-training semi-supervised machine learning method for predictive mapping of soil classes with limited sample data	31
Soil physical quality responses to silvopastoral implementation in Colombian Amazon	31
Effects of cement addition on arsenic leaching from soils excavated from projects employing shield-tunneling method	30
High resolution middle eastern soil attributes mapping via open data and cloud computing	30
Unequal weakening of urbanization and soil salinization on vegetation production capacity	30
Threshold effects of vegetation coverage on runoff and soil loss in the Loess Plateau of China: A meta-analysis	30
Assessing changes in soil carbon stocks after land use conversion from forest land to agricultural land in Japan	30
Land use conversion and lithology impacts soil aggregate stability in subtropical China	30
How root nutrient uptake affects rhizosphere pH: A modelling study	30
From sensor data to Munsell color system: Machine learning algorithm applied to tropical soil color classification via Nix™ Pro sensor	30
Hyperspectral imaging for high-resolution mapping of soil carbon fractions in intact paddy soil profiles with multivariate techniques and variable selection	30
Deep learning-based national scale soil organic carbon mapping with Sentinel-3 data	29
Projecting the urbanization effect on soil organic carbon stocks in polar and steppe areas of European Russia by remote sensing	29
Effects of water, organic matter, and iron forms in mid-IR spectra of soils: Assessments from laboratory to satellite-simulated data	29
The impact of biochar on the activities of soil nutrients acquisition enzymes is potentially controlled by the pyrolysis temperature: A meta-analysis	29
Release of essential plant nutrients from manure- and wood-based biochars	29
Comparative assessment of polymeric and other nanoparticles impacts on soil microbial and biochemical properties	29
Factors controlling near surface ground-ice characteristics in a region of warm permafrost, Beiluhe Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau	29
Evaluation of conditioned Latin hypercube sampling for soil mapping based on a machine learning method	29
Contribution of different proton sources to the acidification of red soil with maize cropping in subtropical China	29
A regional-scale hyperspectral prediction model of soil organic carbon considering geomorphic features	29
Negative impacts of excessive nitrogen fertilization on the abundance and diversity of diazotrophs in black soil under maize monocropping	29
High-resolution monitoring of diffuse (sheet or interrill) erosion using structure-from-motion	29
Comparing measures for determination of phosphorus saturation as a method to estimate dissolved P in soil solution	28
Occurrence, fate and environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical compounds in soils amended with organic wastes	28
Comparing the effects of soil fauna on litter decomposition and organic matter turnover in sustainably and conventionally managed olive orchards	28
Nitrogen reduction processes in paddy soils across climatic gradients: Key controlling factors and environmental implications	28
Crop straw incorporation mediates the impacts of soil aggregate size on greenhouse gas emissions	28
Soil loss on the arable lands of the forest-steppe and steppe zones of European Russia and Siberia during the period of intensive agriculture	28
Carbon sequestration of forest soils is reflected by changes in physicochemical soil indicators ─ A comprehensive discussion of a long-term experiment on a detritus manipulation	28
Soil acidification and factors controlling topsoil pH shift of cropland in central China from 2008 to 2018	28
Estimation of soil organic matter content using selected spectral subset of hyperspectral data	28
Soil organic carbon saturation in cropland-grassland systems: Storage potential and soil quality	28
Iron-bound organic carbon and their determinants in peatlands of China	28
Declines in soil carbon storage under no tillage can be alleviated in the long run	28
Evolution of rock cover, surface roughness, and its effect on soil erosion under simulated rainfall	28
Soil property maps with satellite images at multiple scales and its impact on management and classification	28
Moss-dominated biocrusts enhance water vapor sorption capacity of surface soil and increase non-rainfall water deposition in drylands	28
Soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools are increased by mixed grass and legume cover crops in vineyard agroecosystems: Detecting short-term management effects using infrared spectroscopy	28
Will fungi solve the carbon dilemma?	27
Organo-mineral interactions and soil carbon mineralizability with variable saturation cycle frequency	27
Soil physico-chemical properties are more important than microbial diversity and enzyme activity in controlling carbon and nitrogen stocks near Sydney, Australia	27
Increased silicon concentration in fen peat leads to a release of iron and phosphate and changes in the composition of dissolved organic matter	27
Revealing soil erosion characteristics using deposited sediment sources in a complex small catchment in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Chinese Loess Plateau	27
Colloidal organic carbon and trace elements in peat porewaters across a permafrost gradient in Western Siberia	27
Vegetation and species impacts on soil organic carbon sequestration following ecological restoration over the Loess Plateau, China	27
Rethinking restoration indicators and end-points for post-mining landscapes in light of novel ecosystems	27
Potassium isotopic fractionation in a humid and an arid soil–plant system in Hawai‘i	27
Dissolved and colloidal phosphorus affect P cycling in calcareous forest soils	27
Disentangling the effects of edaphic and vegetational properties on soil aggregate stability in riparian zones along a gradient of flooding stress	27
Soil N-oxide emissions decrease from intensive greenhouse vegetable fields by substituting synthetic N fertilizer with organic and bio-organic fertilizers	27
Transformation of litter carbon to stable soil organic matter is facilitated by ungulate trampling	27
Bayesian calibration of the DayCent ecosystem model to simulate soil organic carbon dynamics and reduce model uncertainty	27
Impact of climate, soil properties and grassland cover on soil water repellency	27
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria play an important role in nitrification of acidic soils: A meta-analysis	27
A meta-analysis of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus change in response to conversion of grassland to agricultural land	27
Assessment of soil conservation services of four river basins in Central Asia under global warming scenarios	26
Responses of soil microbial community structure and greenhouse gas fluxes to crop rotations that include winter cover crops	26
Evaluation of aggregate stability methods for soil health	26
Molecular characterization of soil organic matter and its extractable humic fraction from long-term field experiments under different cropping systems	26
The Land Resource Circle: Supporting land-use decision making with an ecosystem-service-based framework of soil functions	26
Evaluation of soil thermal conductivity schemes incorporated into CLM5.0 in permafrost regions on the Tibetan Plateau	26
Compaction induced soil structural degradation affects productivity and environmental outcomes: A review and New Zealand case study	26
Response of soil microbial community parameters to plastic film mulch: A meta-analysis	26
Mineral–nutrient relationships in African soils assessed using cluster analysis of X-ray powder diffraction patterns and compositional methods	26