Desalination

Article	Citations
The global status of desalination: An assessment of current desalination technologies, plants and capacity	294
Engineering antifouling reverse osmosis membranes: A review	232
Semiconductor photothermal materials enabling efficient solar steam generation toward desalination and wastewater treatment	224
State-of-the-art of renewable energy sources used in water desalination: Present and future prospects	203
Seawater desalination technology and engineering in China: A review	190
Emerging desalination technologies: Current status, challenges and future trends	173
Hybrid technologies: The future of energy efficient desalination – A review	160
Lithium recovery from brine: Recent developments and challenges	154
Recent advances in high-performance TFC membranes: A review of the functional interlayers	153
Membrane technology: A versatile tool for saline wastewater treatment and resource recovery	134
Alternative heating techniques in membrane distillation: A review	131
Review on treatment technology of salt wastewater in coal chemical industry of China	127
Can emerging membrane-based desalination technologies replace reverse osmosis?	127
A review on lithium recovery using electrochemical capturing systems	126
A review on photothermal material and its usage in the development of photothermal membrane for sustainable clean water production	124
Current advances in membrane technologies for saline wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review	121
Fe3O4/polyvinyl alcohol decorated delignified wood evaporator for continuous solar steam generation	117
Current advances in membrane technologies for produced water desalination	115
Potentially scalable fabrication of salt-rejection evaporator based on electrogenerated polypyrrole-coated nickel foam for efficient solar steam generation	112
Recent advances in nanomaterial development for lithium ion-sieving technologies	111
Drivers, challenges, and emerging technologies for desalination of high-salinity brines: A critical review	109
Superhydrophobic MXene based fabric composite for high efficiency solar desalination	109
Cost of fouling in full-scale reverse osmosis and nanofiltration installations in the Netherlands	107
Enhancement of pyramid solar distiller performance using reflectors, cooling cycle, and dangled cords of wicks	106
Water desalination using nanocelluloses/cellulose derivatives based membranes for sustainable future	105

Li+ adsorption performance and mechanism using lithium/aluminum layered double hydroxides in low grade brines	104
Understanding the fouling/scaling resistance of superhydrophobic/omniphobic membranes in membrane distillation	103
Lithium extraction from high Mg/Li brine via electrochemical intercalation/de-intercalation system using LiMn2O4 materials	100
Microbial desalination cell: Desalination through conserving energy	95
Recovery of precious metals from industrial wastewater towards resource recovery and environmental sustainability: A critical review	95
An overview of water desalination systems integrated with renewable energy sources	95
A review on the synthesis of fully aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membranes	90
Ultra-durable and highly-efficient hybrid capacitive deionization by MXene confined MoS2 heterostructure	89
Designed strategies of nanofiltration technology for Mg2+/Li+ separation from salt-lake brine: A comprehensive review	88
Enhancing tubular solar still performance using novel PCM-tubes	87
A review on free-standing electrodes for energy-effective desalination: Recent advances and perspectives in capacitive deionization	86
Multistage electrodialysis for desalination of natural seawater	86
Insights into metal-organic frameworks-integrated membranes for desalination process: A review	84
Comprehensive review of membrane design and synthesis for membrane distillation	84
Unprecedented Mg2+/Li+ separation using layer-by-layer based nanofiltration hollow fiber membranes	84
Ultrafast ionic and molecular sieving through graphene oxide based composite membranes	80
Active solar distillation technology: A wide overview	79
Sustainable seawater desalination: Current status, environmental implications and future expectations	78
Environmental sustainability and ions removal through electrodialysis desalination: Operating conditions and process parameters	78
A zero liquid discharge system integrating multi-effect distillation and evaporative crystallization for desalination brine treatment	77
Optimization of a biomass-driven Rankine cycle integrated with multi-effect desalination, and solid oxide electrolyzer for power, hydrogen, and freshwater production	77
A self-floating, salt-resistant 3D Janus radish-based evaporator for highly efficient solar desalination	76
Improving the feasibility and applicability of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI): Review of process optimization and energy efficiency	75
Performance improvement of double slope solar still via combinations of low cost materials integrated with glass cooling	75
Predictive modelling for solar power-driven hybrid desalination system using artificial neural network regression with Adam optimization	75
A review on PCM and nanofluid for various productivity enhancement methods for double slope solar still: Future challenge and current water issues	75
Biomass eggplant-derived photothermal aerogels with Janus wettability for cost-effective seawater desalination	74
Enhanced solar desalination by delignified wood coated with bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticles	73
Tailoring polypyrrole-based Janus aerogel for efficient and stable solar steam generation	72
A systematic review and statistical analysis of nutrient recovery from municipal wastewater by electrodialysis	72
Scalable, self-cleaning and self-floating bi-layered bacterial cellulose biofoam for efficient solar evaporator with photocatalytic purification	72
Retrofitting a thermoelectric-based solar still integrated with an evacuated tube collector utilizing an antibacterial-magnetic hybrid nanofluid	71
Fractional modeling for enhancing the thermal performance of conventional solar still using hybrid nanofluid: Energy and exergy analysis	71
Chinese ink enabled wood evaporator for continuous water desalination	70
Recent advances in lithium extraction from salt lake brine using coupled and tandem technologies	69
A review of recent advances in humidification and dehumidification desalination technologies using solar energy	69
An integrated membrane process for preparation of lithium hydroxide from high Mg/Li ratio salt lake brine	68
Experimental investigation of the effects of low-temperature phase change material on single-slope solar still	68
Significant roles of substrate properties in forward osmosis membrane performance: A review	68
Electrochemical lithium recovery from brine with high Mg2+/Li+ ratio using mesoporous λ-MnO2/LiMn2O4 modified 3D graphite felt electrodes	68
Ferroferric oxide@titanium carbide MXene heterostructure with enhanced sodium storage ability for efficient hybrid capacitive deionization	67
Plasmonic silver nanoparticles embedded in flexible three-dimensional carbonized melamine foam with enhanced solar-driven water evaporation	65
Multi-effect distillation brine treatment by membrane distillation: Effect of antiscalant and antifoaming agents on membrane performance and scaling control	65
Superhydrophilic carbon nanofiber membrane with a hierarchically macro/meso porous structure for high performance solar steam generators	65
High performance Mg2+/Li+ separation membranes modified by a bis-quaternary ammonium salt	65
A critical review on electrospun membranes containing 2D materials for seawater desalination	65
Polyacid doping-enabled efficient solar evaporation of polypyrrole hydrogel	64
Hydrate based desalination for sustainable water treatment: A review	64
A comprehensive review of MXene-based water-treatment membranes and technologies: Recent progress and perspectives	64
Exploring the electrosorption selectivity of nitrate over chloride in capacitive deionization (CDI) and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI)	63

Thin-film nanocomposite nanofiltration membrane with enhanced desalination and antifouling performance via incorporating L-aspartic acid functionalized graphene quantum dots	63
Recent advances in membrane-enabled water desalination by 2D frameworks: Graphene and beyond	63
Lithium extraction from synthetic brine with high Mg2+/Li+ ratio using the polymer inclusion membrane	63
Novel multifunctional RbxWO3@Fe3O4 immobilized Janus membranes for desalination and synergic-photocatalytic water purification	62
Recent progress on key materials and technical approaches for electrochemical lithium extraction processes	62
Well-dispersed few-layered MoS2 connected with robust 3D conductive architecture for rapid capacitive deionization process and its specific ion selectivity	60
Performance and cost analysis of photovoltaic thermal (PVT)-compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) collector integrated solar still using CNT-water based nanofluids	60
Energy, exergy, economic, exergoenvironmental, and environmental analyses of a multigeneration system to produce electricity, cooling, potable water, hydrogen and sodium-hypochlorite	60
Salinity gradient energy generation by pressure retarded osmosis: A review	60
Nanocomposite nanofiltration membranes: State of play and recent advances	59
Advances in nanocomposite and nanostructured chitosan membrane adsorbents for environmental remediation: A review	59
In-situ silica nanoparticle assembly technique to develop an omniphobic membrane for durable membrane distillation	59
Techno-economic assessment of solar energy coupling with large-scale desalination plant: The case of Morocco	58
Metal-based adsorbents for lithium recovery from aqueous resources	58
Feasibility analysis and optimization of an energy-water-heat nexus supplied by an autonomous hybrid renewable power generation system: An empirical study on airport facilities	57
Selective removal of heavy metals from saline water by nanofiltration	57
Performance enhancement of stepped basin solar still based on OSELM with traversal tree for higher energy adaptive control	57
Recyclable and efficient ocean biomass-derived hydrogel photothermal evaporator for thermally-localized solar desalination	57
Photothermal converting polypyrrole/polyurethane composite foams for effective solar desalination	57
Insights on the development of enhanced antifouling reverse osmosis membranes: Industrial applications and challenges	56
A comprehensive review on performance improvement of solar desalination with applications of heat pipes	56
Environmental impact of desalination: A systematic review of Life Cycle Assessment	56
Durable, scalable and affordable iron (III) based coconut husk photothermal material for highly efficient solar steam generation	55
Fouling investigation of a full-scale seawater reverse osmosis desalination (SWRO) plant on the Red Sea: Membrane autopsy and pretreatment efficiency	55
Simultaneous solar-driven seawater desalination and spontaneous power generation using polyvalent crosslinked polypyrrole/alginate hydrogels	55
Worldwide research trends on desalination	54
Carbon quantum dots embedded polysulfone membranes for antibacterial performance in the process of forward osmosis	54
Silver-polyamidoamine/graphene oxide thin film nanofiltration membrane with improved antifouling and antibacterial properties for water purification and desalination	54
Carbon dots in environmental treatment and protection applications	54
Self-supporting porous carbon nanofibers with opposite surface charges for high-performance inverted capacitive deionization	53
High performance nanocomposite nanofiltration membranes with polydopamine-modified cellulose nanocrystals for efficient dye/salt separation	53
Development of an off-grid solar energy powered reverse osmosis desalination system for continuous production of freshwater with integrated photovoltaic thermal (PVT) cooling	53
Reliability of thermal desalination (solar stills) for water/wastewater treatment in light of COVID-19 (novel coronavirus “SARS-CoV-2”) pandemic: What should consider?	53
Incorporation of lysine-modified UiO-66 for the construction of thin-film nanocomposite nanofiltration membrane with enhanced water flux and salt selectivity	52
Li4Mn5O12 doped cellulose acetate membrane with low Mn loss and high stability for enhancing lithium extraction from seawater	52
Solar absorber with tunable porosity to control the water supply velocity to accelerate water evaporation	52
Enhancement of nitrate removal and recovery from municipal wastewater through single- and multi-batch electrodialysis: Process optimisation and energy consumption	52
High-performance desalination of three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon framework reinforced Prussian blue in capacitive deionization	52
Application of membrane distillation for the treatment of oil field produced water	51
Fabrication of defect-free thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes for reverse osmosis desalination	51
Utilization of renewable energy sources in desalination of geothermal water for agriculture	51
Novel reverse osmosis membranes incorporated with Co-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) with enhanced performance for brackish water desalination	51
GO/PVA-integrated TFN RO membrane: Exploring the effect of orientation switching between PA and GO/PVA and evaluating the GO loading impact	50
Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic PH-CNT membrane for emulsified oil-water separation	50
Sea-water desalination using a desalting unit integrated with a parabolic trough collector and activated carbon pellets as energy storage medium	50
Sustainable brine management from the perspectives of water, energy and mineral recovery: A comprehensive review	50
Three-dimensional hierarchical Na3Fe2(PO4)3/C with superior and fast sodium uptake for efficient hybrid capacitive deionization	50
Synergistic action of multiple functional groups enhanced uranium extraction from seawater of porous phosphorylated chitosan/coal-based activated carbon composite sponge	49
A review of nanofiber membranes for solar interface evaporation	49
Durable superhydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride membranes via facile spray-coating for effective membrane distillation	49
Flexible 2D@3D Janus evaporators for high-performance and continuous solar desalination	49
Towards the development of new generation of ion exchange membranes for reverse electrodialysis: A review	49
Graphite powder mixed with black paint on the absorber plate of the solar still to enhance yield: An experimental investigation	49
Performance evaluation of a modified pyramid solar still employing wick, reflectors, glass cooling and TiO2 nanomaterial	49
Carbonized sugarcane as interfacial photothermal evaporator for vapor generation	49
PVDF/MAF-4 composite membrane for high flux and scaling-resistant membrane distillation	49
MoS2 nanoflakes-coated electrospun carbon nanofibers for “rocking-chair” capacitive deionization	49
Electrospun membranes for membrane distillation: The state of play and recent advances	48
Facile fabrication of low-cost starch-based biohydrogel evaporator for efficient solar steam generation	48
Robust seawater desalination and sewage purification enabled by the solar-thermal conversion of the Janus-type graphene oxide evaporator	48
Hybrid biochar supported transition metal doped MnO2 composites: Efficient contenders for lithium adsorption and recovery from aqueous solutions	48
Optimal design of energy sources and reverse osmosis desalination plant with demand side management for cost-effective freshwater production	47
Sustainable recovery of high-saline papermaking wastewater: Optimized separation for salts and organics via membrane-hybrid process	47
Mn2O3 nanoflower decorated electrospun carbon nanofibers for efficient hybrid capacitive deionization	47
Combined electrocoagulation-microfiltration-membrane distillation for treatment of hydraulic fracturing produced water	47
Advances and perspectives in integrated membrane capacitive deionization for water desalination	46
A novel cycle for adsorption desalination system with two stages-ejector for higher water production and efficiency	46
Chemically functionalized polyamide thin film composite membranes: The art of chemistry	46
Double-acting batch reverse osmosis configuration for best-in-class efficiency and low downtime	45
TiO2/CDs modified thin-film nanocomposite polyamide membrane for simultaneous enhancement of antifouling and chlorine-resistance performance	45
Desalination by membrane pervaporation: A review	45
Sustainable desalination device capable of producing freshwater and electricity	45
Positively charged nanofiltration membranes mediated by a facile polyethyleneimine-Noria interlayer deposition strategy	45
Development of artificial neural networks for performance prediction of a heat pump assisted humidification-dehumidification desalination system	45
Morphological effect of ZnO nanostructures on desalination performance and antibacterial activity of thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane	45
Effect of chemistry and geometry of GO nanochannels on the Li ion selectivity and recovery	44
Water desalination and ion removal using mixed matrix electrospun nanofibrous membranes: A critical review	44
Fouling characteristics of dissolved organic matter in fresh water and seawater compartments of reverse electrodialysis under natural water conditions	44
Flexible CuO-rGO/ PANI thermal absorber with high broadband photoresponse and salt resistance for efficient desalination of oil-contaminated seawater	44
Pathways for minimal and zero liquid discharge with enhanced reverse osmosis technologies: Module-scale modeling and techno-economic assessment	44

Superhydrophobic polymer membrane coated by mineralized β-FeOOH nanorods for direct contact membrane distillation	44
Highly efficient and long-term stable solar-driven water purification through a rechargeable hydrogel evaporator	44
Surface modification of reverse osmosis membrane with tannic acid for improving chlorine resistance	44
Waste to wealth: A critical analysis of resource recovery from desalination brine	44
A high-efficient and ultra-strong interfacial solar evaporator based on carbon-fiber fabric for seawater and wastewater purification	43
Polypropylene non-woven supported calcium alginate hydrogel filtration membrane for efficient separation of dye/salt at low salt concentration	43
Life-cycle environmental assessment of solar-driven Multi-Effect Desalination (MED) plant	43
The role of adsorption in microalgae biological desalination: Salt removal from brackish water using Scenedesmus obliquus	43
Development of a green corrosion inhibitor for use in acid cleaning of MSF desalination plant	43
Highly selective separation of lithium with hierarchical porous lithium-ion sieve microsphere derived from MXene	43
A holistic review on how artificial intelligence has redefined water treatment and seawater desalination processes	43
Design, modelling and optimisation of a batch reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system using a free piston for brackish water treatment	43
An efficient deep reinforcement machine learning-based control reverse osmosis system for water desalination	43
Investigation of fine activated carbon as a viable flow electrode in capacitive deionization	42
In-situ incorporating zwitterionic nanocellulose into polyamide nanofiltration membrane towards excellent perm-selectivity and antifouling performances	42
Regulating interfacial polymerization via constructed 2D metal-organic framework interlayers for fabricating nanofiltration membranes with enhanced performance	42
High-performance and robust polysulfone nanocomposite membrane containing 2D functionalized MXene nanosheets for the nanofiltration of salt and dye solutions	42
Energy, exergy, and economic analyses of a novel biomass-based multigeneration system integrated with multi-effect distillation, electrodialysis, and LNG tank	42
Layer-by-layer (LBL) hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes for seawater treatment: Ion rejection	42
Ni-doping Cu-Prussian blue analogue/carbon nanotubes composite (Ni-CuPBA/CNTs) with 3D electronic channel-rich network structure for capacitive deionization	41
Chitosan nanofiltration membranes with gradient cross-linking and improved mechanical performance for the removal of divalent salts and heavy metal ions	41
Vertically symmetrical evaporator based on photothermal fabrics for efficient continuous desalination through inversion strategy	41
An optimization framework for the design of reverse osmosis desalination plants under food-energy-water nexus considerations	41
Variable renewable energy sources for powering reverse osmosis desalination, with a case study of wave powered desalination for Kilifi, Kenya	41
Evaluation of applying membrane distillation for landfill leachate treatment	41
Functionalized biochar electrodes for asymmetrical capacitive deionization	41
In-situ formation of uniform V2O5 nanocuboid from V2C MXene as electrodes for capacitive deionization with higher structural stability and ion diffusion ability	41
Mechanistic insight into the electrochemical absorption adsorption behaviour of Cd2+ and Na+ on MnO2 in a deionization supercapacitor	41
An in silico study of sustainable drug pollutants removal using carboxylic acid functionalized-MOF nanostructures (MIL-53 (Al)-(COOH)2): Towards a greener future	41
Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) composite cation exchange membrane for selective recovery of lithium by electrodialysis	41
In-situ synthesis of PA/PVDF composite hollow fiber membranes with an outer selective structure for efficient fractionation of low-molecular-weight dyes-salts	41
Building rapid water transport channels within thin-film nanocomposite membranes based on 2D mesoporous nanosheets	40
Performance assessment of waste heat/solar driven membrane-based simultaneous desalination and liquid desiccant regeneration system using a thermal model and KNN machine learning tool	40
3D thermoresponsive hydrogel with enhanced water uptake and active evaporation for effective interfacial solar steam generation	40
MXene/MnO2 nanocomposite coated superior salt-rejecting biodegradable luffa sponge for efficient solar steam generation	40
Omniphobic palygorskite coated Janus membrane with enhanced fouling and wetting resistance for direct contact membrane distillation	40
Custom-tailoring metal-organic framework in thin-film nanocomposite nanofiltration membrane with enhanced internal polarity and amplified surface crosslinking for elevated separation property	40
Flexible nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber-reinforced hierarchical hollow iron oxide nanorods as a binder-free electrode for efficient capacitive deionization	40
Thin-film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membranes incorporated with citrate-modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for brackish water desalination and boron removal	40
Techno-economic assessment of a membrane-based wastewater reclamation process	40
Energy/exergy analysis of solar driven mechanical vapor compression desalination system with nano-filtration pretreatment	39
Nanofiltration membrane comprising structural regulator Cyclen for efficient Li+/Mg2+ separation	39
Improved performance of thin-film composite forward osmosis membrane with click modified polysulfone substrate	39
Integrated membrane system without adding chemicals for produced water desalination towards zero liquid discharge	39
A feasibility study of solar-powered reverse osmosis processes	39
Algogenic organic matter fouling alleviation in membrane distillation by peroxymonosulfate (PMS): Role of PMS concentration and activation temperature	39
2D nanosheets seeding layer modulated covalent organic framework membranes for efficient desalination	39
Hybrid multi-stage flash (MSF) and membrane distillation (MD) desalination system for energy saving and brine minimization	39
A comprehensive review of microbial desalination cells for present and future challenges	39
High-performance nanofiltration membrane intercalated by FeOOH nanorods for water nanofiltration	39
Recovery of salinity gradient energy in desalination plants by reverse electrodialysis	39
Ice crystal growth in the freezing desalination process of binary water-NaCl system	39
Exploring the potential of MXene-based advanced solar-absorber in improving the performance and efficiency of a solar-desalination unit for brackish water purification	39
An ionic liquid extractant dissolved in an ionic liquid diluent for selective extraction of Li(I) from salt lakes	39
Fabrication of graphene oxide/polydopamine adsorptive membrane by stepwise in-situ growth for removal of rhodamine B from water	39
Using the potential of energy losses in gas pressure reduction stations for producing power and fresh water	38
Parametric study of the progressive freeze concentration for desalination	38
Integrated solar seawater desalination and power generation via plasmonic sawdust-derived biochar: Waste to wealth	38
Process improvement of sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO) and subsequent decarbonization	38
Performance evaluation and optimization of humidification–dehumidification desalination system for low-grade waste heat energy applications	38
Fabrication and modification of nanofiltration membranes by solution electrospinning technique: A review of influential factors and applications in water treatment	38
Development of a novel multi-scale structured superhydrophobic nanofiber membrane with enhanced thermal efficiency and high flux for membrane distillation	38
Bioinspired green tea waste/graphene aerogel for solar-enhanced uranium extraction from seawater	38
Performance assessment of PCM-based solar energy assisted desiccant air conditioning system combined with a humidification-dehumidification desalination unit	38
Factors affecting phosphorus recovery as struvite: Effects of alternative magnesium sources	37
Augmented performance of solar desalination unit by utilization of nano-silicon coated glass cover for promoting drop-wise condensation	37
3D printing for membrane desalination: Challenges and future prospects	37
A free-piston batch reverse osmosis (RO) system for brackish water desalination: Experimental study and model validation	37
A novel layered activated carbon with rapid ion transport through chemical activation of chestnut inner shell for capacitive deionization	37
Recent progress and prospect of flow-electrode electrochemical desalination system	37
Lignin hydrogel-based solar-driven evaporator for cost-effective and highly efficient water purification	37
Anti-fouling/wetting electrospun nanofibrous membranes for membrane distillation desalination: A comprehensive review	37
Biomimetic vertically aligned aerogel with synergistic photothermal effect enables efficient solar-driven desalination	37
Biofouling in membrane distillation applications - a review	37
Interfacial solar evaporation based on Janus films: An effective strategy to improve salt tolerance and antifouling performance	37
Crystallization control via membrane distillation-crystallization: A review	37
Two-dimensional materials in enhancement of membrane-based lithium recovery from metallic-ions-rich wastewaters: A review	37
Electrochemical lithium extraction based on “rocking-chair” electrode system with high energy-efficient: The driving mode of constant current-constant voltage	37
Comprehensive techno-economic analysis of integrated nuclear power plant equipped with various hybrid desalination systems	37
Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots hydrogels for highly efficient solar steam generation	36
Exergoeconomic analysis and optimization of a hybrid Kalina and humidification-dehumidification system for waste heat recovery of low-temperature Diesel engine	36
Dual-layer membranes with a thin film hydrophilic MOF/PVA nanocomposite for enhanced antiwetting property in membrane distillation	36
High-performance thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) forward osmosis (FO) membranes incorporated with porous hydrophobic-core/hydrophilic-shell nanoparticles	36
Compartmentalized desalination and salination by high energy density desalination seawater battery	36
Comparison of two electrodialysis stacks having different ion exchange and bipolar membranes for simultaneous separation of boron and lithium from aqueous solution	36
Water desalination with nickel hexacyanoferrate electrodes in capacitive deionization: Experiment, model and comparison with carbon	36
Nanodiamond-decorated thin film composite membranes with antifouling and antibacterial properties	36
Engineering antiwetting hydrophobic surfaces for membrane distillation: A review	36
Experimental study on three-effect tubular solar still under vacuum and immersion cooling	36
Intrinsic microspheres structure of electrospun nanofibrous membrane with rational superhydrophobicity for desalination via membrane distillation	36
Recent progress in reverse osmosis modeling: An overview	36
Novel highly stable Guanazole-incorporated ultrathin loose nanofiltration membrane with superior permeability for water desalination and purification	36
Construction of ionic thermo-responsive PNIPAM/γ-PGA/PEG hydrogel as a draw agent for enhanced forward-osmosis desalination	36
Optimization of a nanofiltration and membrane capacitive deionization (NF-MCDI) hybrid system: Experimental and modeling studies	36
Remineralization of desalinated water: Methods and environmental impact	36