American Political Science Review

Article	Citations
Partisan Polarization Is the Primary Psychological Motivation behind Political Fake News Sharing on Twitter	206
The Opinion-Mobilizing Effect of Social Protest against Police Violence: Evidence from the 2020 George Floyd Protests	149
Increasing Precision without Altering Treatment Effects: Repeated Measures Designs in Survey Experiments	85
Gone For Good: Deindustrialization, White Voter Backlash, and US Presidential Voting	78
This One’s for the Boys: How Gendered Political Socialization Limits Girls’ Political Ambition and Interest	64
Educative Interventions to Combat Misinformation: Evidence from a Field Experiment in India	62
Local News, Information, and the Nationalization of U.S. Elections	57
Is Deliberation an Antidote to Extreme Partisan Polarization? Reflections on “America in One Room”	57
Gender, Candidate Emotional Expression, and Voter Reactions During Televised Debates	55
Reconsidering the Link Between Self-Reported Personality Traits and Political Preferences	51
Understanding and Reducing Biases in Elite Beliefs About the Electorate	48
Activating Animus: The Uniquely Social Roots of Trump Support	47
Can Exposure to Celebrities Reduce Prejudice? The Effect of Mohamed Salah on Islamophobic Behaviors and Attitudes	47
Does Public Diplomacy Sway Foreign Public Opinion? Identifying the Effect of High-Level Visits	47
To Emerge? Breadwinning, Motherhood, and Women’s Decisions to Run for Office	46
Political Legitimacy, Authoritarianism, and Climate Change	45
Do Commodity Price Shocks Cause Armed Conflict? A Meta-Analysis of Natural Experiments	42
The Psychology of Online Political Hostility: A Comprehensive, Cross-National Test of the Mismatch Hypothesis	39
Why Austerity? The Mass Politics of a Contested Policy	38
Creating Climate Coalitions: Mass Preferences for Compensating Vulnerability in the World’s Two Largest Democracies	37
The Curious Case of Theresa May and the Public That Did Not Rally: Gendered Reactions to Terrorist Attacks Can Cause Slumps Not Bumps	35
Family Matters: How Immigrant Histories Can Promote Inclusion	35
Suppressing Black Votes: A Historical Case Study of Voting Restrictions in Louisiana	34
Laboratories of Democratic Backsliding	34
Playing to the Gallery: Emotive Rhetoric in Parliaments	33

Studying Policy Design Quality in Comparative Perspective	33
Rationalizing Democracy: The Perceptual Bias and (Un)Democratic Behavior	32
Control without Confirmation: The Politics of Vacancies in Presidential Appointments	31
Education or Indoctrination? The Violent Origins of Public School Systems in an Era of State-Building	31
Facing Change: Gender and Climate Change Attitudes Worldwide	31
Public Perceptions of Women’s Inclusion and Feelings of Political Efficacy	30
Slavery, Reconstruction, and Bureaucratic Capacity in the American South	30
The Elite–Citizen Gap in International Organization Legitimacy	29
The Journey Home: Violence, Anchoring, and Refugee Decisions to Return	29
Democratic Subversion: Elite Cooptation and Opposition Fragmentation	29
Effective for Whom? Ethnic Identity and Nonviolent Resistance	29
Post Post-Broadcast Democracy? News Exposure in the Age of Online Intermediaries	28
Moderates	27
Learning to Dislike Your Opponents: Political Socialization in the Era of Polarization	26
Pride amid Prejudice: The Influence of LGBT+ Rights Activism in a Socially Conservative Society	26
Gender and Party Discipline: Evidence from Africa’s Emerging Party Systems	26
The “Need for Chaos” and Motivations to Share Hostile Political Rumors	26
When Do Männerparteien Elect Women? Radical Right Populist Parties and Strategic Descriptive Representation	24
Four Costly Signaling Mechanisms	23
Campaign Finance Regulations and Public Policy	23
Tabloid Media Campaigns and Public Opinion: Quasi-Experimental Evidence on Euroscepticism in England	23
The Effect of Television Advertising in United States Elections	23
Power Sharing and Authoritarian Stability: How Rebel Regimes Solve the Guardianship Dilemma	23
Does Competence Make Citizens Tolerate Undemocratic Behavior?	22
Changing In-Group Boundaries: The Effect of Immigration on Race Relations in the United States	22
When Unfamiliarity Breeds Contempt: How Partisan Selective Exposure Sustains Oppositional Media Hostility	22
Does the Meeting Style Matter? The Effects of Exposure to Participatory and Deliberative School Board Meetings	21
Reexamining the Effect of Refugees on Civil Conflict: A Global Subnational Analysis	21
Ideology Critique without Morality: A Radical Realist Approach	21
Collective Remembrance and Private Choice: German–Greek Conflict and Behavior in Times of Crisis	21
Elements of External Validity: Framework, Design, and Analysis	20
Does Political Oversight of the Bureaucracy Increase Accountability? Field Experimental Evidence from a Dominant Party Regime	20
How Do Electoral Incentives Affect Legislator Behavior? Evidence from U.S. State Legislatures	20
Party over Pocketbook? How Party Cues Influence Opinion When Citizens Have a Stake in Policy	19
How Do Campaign Spending Limits Affect Elections? Evidence from the United Kingdom 1885–2019	19
Intellectualism, Anti-Intellectualism, and Epistemic Hubris in Red and Blue America	19
A Dynamic Model of Speech for the Social Sciences	19
Voter Outreach Campaigns Can Reduce Affective Polarization among Implementing Political Activists: Evidence from Inside Three Campaigns	19
Punishment and Politicization in the International Human Rights Regime	18
Why Botter: How Pro-Government Bots Fight Opposition in Russia	18
Blood is Thicker Than Water: Elite Kinship Networks and State Building in Imperial China	18
Workplace Contact and Support for Anti-Immigration Parties	18
Group Size and Protest Mobilization across Movements and Countermovements	18
Social Origins of Dictatorships: Elite Networks and Political Transitions in Haiti	18
Whose News? Class-Biased Economic Reporting in the United States	18
Liberal Displacement Policies Attract Forced Migrants in the Global South	18
Disappointed Expectations: Downward Mobility and Electoral Change	18
Authoritarian Rallying as Reputational Cascade? Evidence from Putin’s Popularity Surge after Crimea	18
Do Policy Makers Listen to Experts? Evidence from a National Survey of Local and State Policy Makers	17
Counter-Majoritarian Democracy: Persistent Minorities, Federalism, and the Power of Numbers	17

Why Parties Displace Their Voters: Gentrification, Coalitional Change, and the Demise of Public Housing	17
The Logic of Kidnapping in Civil War: Evidence from Colombia	17
How the Workplace Affects Employee Political Contributions	17
Close to Home: Place-Based Mobilization in Racialized Contexts	17
Measuring Misperceptions?	17
A Plague on Politics? The COVID Crisis, Expertise, and the Future of Legitimation	16
Can’t We All Just Get Along? How Women MPs Can Ameliorate Affective Polarization in Western Publics	16
Does State Repression Spark Protests? Evidence from Secret Police Surveillance in Communist Poland	16
Weak, Despotic, or Inclusive? How State Type Emerges from State versus Civil Society Competition	16
Policing, Democratic Participation, and the Reproduction of Asymmetric Citizenship	16
The Shadow Effect of Courts: Judicial Review and the Politics of Preemptive Reform	16
Unrepresentative Claims: Speaking for Oneself in a Social Movement	16
Effectiveness of Incumbent’s Strategic Communication during Economic Crisis under Electoral Authoritarianism: Evidence from Turkey	16
Flight to Safety: COVID-Induced Changes in the Intensity of Status Quo Preference and Voting Behavior	16
Rethinking Rape Culture: Revelations of Intersectional Analysis	16
White Americans’ Reactions to Racial Disparities in COVID-19	15
The Long-Term Effects of Oppression: Prussia, Political Catholicism, and the Alternative für Deutschland	15
Embedding Regression: Models for Context-Specific Description and Inference	15
The Curse of Good Intentions: Why Anticorruption Messaging Can Encourage Bribery	15
The Two-Pronged Middle Class: The Old Bourgeoisie, New State-Engineered Middle Class, and Democratic Development	15
From Thin to Thick Representation: How a Female President Shapes Female Parliamentary Behavior	15
Affluence and Influence in a Social Democracy	14
“It’s Like Shouting to a Brick Wall”: Normative Whiteness and Racism in the European Parliament	14
Sovereignty, Substance, and Public Support for European Courts’ Human Rights Rulings	14
When Are Legislators Responsive to Ethnic Minorities? Testing the Role of Electoral Incentives and Candidate Selection for Mitigating Ethnocentric Responsiveness	14
Patterns of Affective Polarization toward Parties and Leaders across the Democratic World	14
Senators at Home: Local Attentiveness and Policy Representation in Congress	14
Motivated Reasoning and Democratic Accountability	14
The Paradox of Civilization: Preinstitutional Sources of Security and Prosperity	14
The Politics of Respectability and Black Americans’ Punitive Attitudes	14
Members of Parliament are Minimally Accountable for Their Issue Stances (and They Know It)	14
Canvassing the Gatekeepers: A Field Experiment to Increase Women Voters’ Turnout in Pakistan	14
Does Health Vulnerability Predict Voting for Right-Wing Populist Parties in Europe?	13
Land, Opportunism, and Displacement in Civil Wars: Evidence from Colombia	13
Development in Decolonization: Walter Rodney, Third World Developmentalism, and “Decolonizing Political Theory”	13
Does Halting Refugee Resettlement Reduce Crime? Evidence from the US Refugee Ban	13
Outsourcing Bureaucracy to Evade Accountability: How Public Servants Build Shadow State Capacity	13
Coalitional Lobbying and Intersectional Representation in American Rulemaking	13
Enfranchisement and Incarceration after the 1965 Voting Rights Act	13
Do Violent Protests Affect Expressions of Party Identity? Evidence from the Capitol Insurrection	12
Trump and the Shifting Meaning of “Conservative”: Using Activists’ Pairwise Comparisons to Measure Politicians’ Perceived Ideologies	12
The Influence of Unknown Media on Public Opinion: Evidence from Local and Foreign News Sources	12
“I’m Not Sure What to Believe”: Media Distrust and Opinion Formation during the COVID-19 Pandemic	12
How Are Politicians Informed? Witnesses and Information Provision in Congress	12
Deprovincializing Racial Capitalism: John Crawfurd and Settler Colonialism in India	12
Greed, Envy, and Admiration: The Distinct Nature of Public Opinion about Redistribution from the Rich	12
Policing Insecurity	12
The Democratic Deficit in U.S. Education Governance	12
From Recognition to Integration: Indigenous Autonomy, State Authority, and National Identity in the Philippines	12
Acute Financial Hardship and Voter Turnout: Theory and Evidence from the Sequence of Bank Working Days	11
“Clocks Must Always Be Turned Back”:Brown v. Board of Educationand the Racial Origins of Constitutional Originalism	11
Labor Migration and Climate Change Adaptation	11
The Effect of Gender on Interruptions at Congressional Hearings	11
Historical Border Changes, State Building, and Contemporary Trust in Europe	11
How to Get Coal Country to Vote for Climate Policy: The Effect of a “Just Transition Agreement” on Spanish Election Results	11
Constitutional Origins and Liberal Democracy: A Global Analysis, 1900–2015	11
Feminist Demands and the Problem of Housework	11
How Deliberation Happens: Enabling Deliberative Reason	11
The Politics of Police Data: State Legislative Capacity and the Transparency of State and Substate Agencies	11
Representative Democracy and Social Equality	11
Sustained Government Engagement Improves Subsequent Pandemic Risk Reporting In Conflict Zones	11
Prejudiced When Climbing Up or When Falling Down? Why Some People of Color Express Anti-Black Racism	10
Ethnic Bias in Judicial Decision Making: Evidence from Criminal Appeals in Kenya	10
The Democratic State and Redistribution: Whose Interests Are Served?	10
Symbolic Refugee Protection: Explaining Latin America’s Liberal Refugee Laws	10
Preventing Rebel Resurgence after Civil War: A Field Experiment in Security and Justice Provision in Rural Colombia	10
The Political Consequences of Green Policies: Evidence from Italy	10
Survey Nonresponse and Mass Polarization: The Consequences of Declining Contact and Cooperation Rates	10
Life, Literacy, and the Pursuit of Prosperity: Party Competition and Policy Outcomes in 50 States	10
Reframing the Guardianship Dilemma: How the Military’s Dual Disloyalty Options Imperil Dictators	10
The Competing Influence of Policy Content and Political Cues: Cross-Border Evidence from the United States and Canada	9
Deliberation, Single-Peakedness, and Coherent Aggregation	9
Bureaucratic Quality and the Gap between Implementation Burden and Administrative Capacities	9
Split Feelings: Understanding Implicit and Explicit Political Persuasion	9
International Sports Events and Repression in Autocracies: Evidence from the 1978 FIFA World Cup	9
Complements or Substitutes? How Institutional Arrangements Bind Traditional Authorities and the State in Africa	9
Payments and Penalties for Democracy: Gendered Electoral Financing in Action Worldwide	9
Trauma and Turnout: The Political Consequences of Traumatic Events	9
Competition in Congressional Elections: Money versus Votes	9
Policy Threat, Partisanship, and the Case of the Affordable Care Act	9

The Polarizing Effect of Partisan Echo Chambers	9
Nonunitary Parties, Government Formation, and Gamson’s Law	9
Emotional Sensibility: Exploring the Methodological and Ethical Implications of Research Participants’ Emotions	8
A Logical Model for Predicting Minority Representation: Application to Redistricting and Voting Rights Cases	8
Constitutional Reform and the Gender Diversification of Peak Courts	8
Social Groups as the Source of Political Belief Systems: Fresh Evidence on an Old Theory	8
UN Peacekeeping and Democratization in Conflict-Affected Countries	8
Contested Killings: The Mobilizing Effects of Community Contact with Police Violence	8
Under the Microscope: Gender and Accountability in the US Congress	8
The Case for Permanent Residency for Frontline Workers	8
War and Nationalism: How WW1 Battle Deaths Fueled Civilians’ Support for the Nazi Party	8
“Outside Lobbying” over the Airwaves: A Randomized Field Experiment on Televised Issue Ads	8
Executive Power in Crisis	8
Do Politicians Outside the United States Also Think Voters Are More Conservative than They Really Are?	8
Antidote to Backsliding: Ethnic Politics and Democratic Resilience	8
Campaign Contributions and Roll-Call Voting in the U.S. House of Representatives: The Case of the Sugar Industry	7
Misperceptions about Refugee Policy	7
The Political Economy of Governance Quality	7
Saving Migrants’ Basic Human Rights from Sovereign Rule	7
Revolutionary Violence and Counterrevolution	7
Who Votes: City Election Timing and Voter Composition	7
Making the List: Reevaluating Political Trust and Social Desirability in China	7
Instrumentally Inclusive: The Political Psychology of Homonationalism	7
An Outbreak of Selective Attribution: Partisanship and Blame in the COVID-19 Pandemic	7
Coming out to Vote: The Construction of a Lesbian and Gay Electoral Constituency in the United States	7
Voting for Votes: Opposition Parties’ Legislative Activity and Electoral Outcomes	7
Overcoming the Political Exclusion of Migrants: Theory and Experimental Evidence from India	7
Local News and the Electoral Incentive to Invest in Infrastructure	7
Rebel Motivations and Repression	7
Jeremy Bentham: Pauperism, Colonialism, and Imperialism	7
Informing the Leader: Bureaucracies and International Crises	7
Cash Crops, Print Technologies, and the Politicization of Ethnicity in Africa	7
Land and Legibility: When Do Citizens Expect Secure Property Rights in Weak States?	7
Violence and Voting in the United States: How School Shootings Affect Elections	7
Does Receiving Government Assistance Shape Political Attitudes? Evidence from Agricultural Producers	6
Imperfect Victims? Civilian Men, Vulnerability, and Policy Preferences	6
Structural Domination and Freedom in the Labor Market: From Voluntariness to Independence	6
Public Sector Employment and Voter Turnout	6
Starting with People Where They Are: Ella Baker’s Theory of Political Organizing	6
Regime Support and Gender Quotas in Autocracies	6
Do Women Make More Protectionist Trade Policy?	6
Legal Civic Orders and Equitable Lived Citizenships	6
Turnout and Amendment Four: Mobilizing Eligible Voters Close to Formerly Incarcerated Floridians	6
Electoral Responsiveness in Closed Autocracies: Evidence from Petitions in the former German Democratic Republic	6
Radicalism in Mass Movements: Asymmetric Information and Endogenous Leadership	6
Universal Suffrage as Decolonization	6
The Domestic Sources of International Reputation	6
Minority Party Capacity in Congress	6
India’s Farmers’ Protest: An Inclusive Vision of Indian Democracy	6
Unreported Realities: The Political Economy of Media-Sourced Data	5
Agenda Control and Timing of Bill Initiation: A Temporal Perspective on Coalition Governance in Parliamentary Democracies	5
Women Grab Back: Exclusion, Policy Threat, and Women’s Political Ambition	5
Privatizing Financial Protection: Regulatory Feedback and the Politics of Financial Reform	5
Off-Cycle and Off Center: Election Timing and Representation in Municipal Government	5
Toxic Speech and Limited Demand for Content Moderation on Social Media	5
Electoral Systems and Gender Inequality in Political News: Analyzing the News Visibility of Members of Parliament in Norway and the UK	5
Eco-Miserabilism and Radical Hope: On the Utopian Vision of Post-Apocalyptic Environmentalism	5
Can Stakeholders Mobilize Businesses for the Protection of Democracy? Evidence from the U.S. Capitol Insurrection	5
Gender and the Influence of Proportional Representation: A Comment on the Peripheral Voting Thesis	5
At the Borders of the Body Politic: Fetal Citizens, Pregnant Migrants, and Reproductive Injustices in Immigration Detention	5
Violence in the American Imaginary: Gender, Race, and the Politics of Superheroes	5
Benevolent Policies: Bureaucratic Politics and the International Dimensions of Social Policy Expansion	5
Equality, Reciprocity, or Need? Bolstering Welfare Policy Support for Marginalized Groups with Distributive Fairness	5
The Politics of Sight: Revisiting Timothy Pachirat’sEvery Twelve Seconds	4
The Global Resonance of Human Rights: What Google Trends Can Tell Us	4
Public Reactions to Noncompliance with Judicial Orders	4
Fathers’ Leave Reduces Sexist Attitudes	4
Can Courts in Nondemocracies Deter Election Fraud? De Jure Judicial Independence, Political Competition, and Election Integrity	4
Collaboration and Its Political Functions	4
Foundations of a New Democracy: Schooling, Inequality, and Voting in the Early Republic	4
Taking Stock of Solidarity between People of Color: A Mini Meta-Analysis of Five Experiments	4
Ideology for the Future	4
Does Political Representation Increase Participation? Evidence from Party Candidate Lotteries in Mexico	4
Divided We Unite: The Nature of Partyism and the Role of Coalition Partnership in Europe	4
Why So Little Strategic Voting in India?	4
Intrinsic Social Incentives in State and Non-State Armed Groups	4
Temporary Disenfranchisement: Negative Side Effects of Lowering the Voting Age	4
Testing the Robustness of the ANES Feeling Thermometer Indicators of Affective Polarization	4
Ticketing and Turnout: The Participatory Consequences of Low-Level Police Contact	4
How Do Politicians Bargain? Evidence from Ultimatum Games with Legislators in Five Countries	4
Socialist Threat? Radical Party Entry, Electoral Alliances, and the Introduction of Proportional Representation	4
Democracy, Public Support, and Measurement Uncertainty	4
The Colonial Origins of Modern Territoriality: Property Surveying in the Thirteen Colonies	4
Swords and Plowshares: Property Rights, Collective Action, and Nonstate Governance in the Jewish Community of Palestine 1920–1948	4
The Supreme Court as an Agent of Policy Drift: The Case of the NLRA	4
The Politics of the Mundane	4
Analytical Democratic Theory: A Microfoundational Approach	4
Government Rhetoric and the Representation of Public Opinion in International Negotiations	4
Notes from the Editors	4
The Ethics of Global Capital Mobility	4
Legislative Effectiveness in the American States	3
Midcentury Modern: The Emergence of Stakeholders in Democratic Practice	3
Re-Evaluating Machine Learning for MRP Given the Comparable Performance of (Deep) Hierarchical Models	3
Segregation and the Spatial Externalities of Inequality: A Theory of Interdependence and Public Goods in Cities	3
Rule Ambiguity, Institutional Clashes, and Population Loss: How Wikipedia Became the Last Good Place on the Internet	3