American Economic Review

Article	Citations
Two-Way Fixed Effects Estimators with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects	1638
Measuring Geopolitical Risk	743
Bartik Instruments: What, When, Why, and How	647
Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure	348
Are Ideas Getting Harder to Find?	316
Overreaction in Macroeconomic Expectations	285
Synthetic Difference-in-Differences	285
Nonrivalry and the Economics of Data	216
Social Media, News Consumption, and Polarization: Evidence from a Field Experiment	210
Misperceived Social Norms: Women Working Outside the Home in Saudi Arabia	203
Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Pricing, and Collusion	197
The New Tools of Monetary Policy	183
Macroeconomic Implications of COVID-19: Can Negative Supply Shocks Cause Demand Shortages?	168
From Extreme to Mainstream: The Erosion of Social Norms	154
A Behavioral New Keynesian Model	149
Arrival of Young Talent: The Send-Down Movement and Rural Education in China	135
Testing the Waters: Behavior across Participant Pools	135
Notching R&D Investment with Corporate Income Tax Cuts in China	128
Rich Pickings? Risk, Return, and Skill in Household Wealth	122
Five Facts about Beliefs and Portfolios	121
Tax-Exempt Lobbying: Corporate Philanthropy as a Tool for Political Influence	121
Methods Matter: p-Hacking and Publication Bias in Causal Analysis in Economics	115
Patronage and Selection in Public Sector Organizations	114
The Macroeconomic Effects of Oil Supply News: Evidence from OPEC Announcements	114
Sources of Inaction in Household Finance: Evidence from the Danish Mortgage Market	110

Can Network Theory-Based Targeting Increase Technology Adoption?	99
Forced Migration and Human Capital: Evidence from Post-WWII Population Transfers	96
Knowledge Spillovers and Corporate Investment in Scientific Research	95
Interest Rates under Falling Stars	95
Social Ties and the Selection of China’s Political Elite	94
Regulation by Shaming: Deterrence Effects of Publicizing Violations of Workplace Safety and Health Laws	94
Types of Contact: A Field Experiment on Collaborative and Adversarial Caste Integration	94
Building Nations through Shared Experiences: Evidence from African Football	90
The Effects of Income Transparency on Well-Being: Evidence from a Natural Experiment	88
Cities in Bad Shape: Urban Geometry in India	86
Do Parents Value School Effectiveness?	86
Social Media and Mental Health	85
Losing Prosociality in the Quest for Talent? Sorting, Selection, and Productivity in the Delivery of Public Services	83
Business-Cycle Anatomy	81
The Production Relocation and Price Effects of US Trade Policy: The Case of Washing Machines	80
Small and Large Firms over the Business Cycle	79
Aggregate Nominal Wage Adjustments: New Evidence from Administrative Payroll Data	79
Liquidity versus Wealth in Household Debt Obligations: Evidence from Housing Policy in the Great Recession	79
Valid t-ratio Inference for IV	78
Supply and Demand in Disaggregated Keynesian Economies with an Application to the COVID-19 Crisis	77
Closing the Gap: The Effect of Reducing Complexity and Uncertainty in College Pricing on the Choices of Low-Income Students	72
Unwatched Pollution: The Effect of Intermittent Monitoring on Air Quality	72
Employer Consolidation and Wages: Evidence from Hospitals	71
Sources of Displaced Workers’ Long-Term Earnings Losses	71
Can You Move to Opportunity? Evidence from the Great Migration	68
Long-Run Growth of Financial Data Technology	68
On Her Own Account: How Strengthening Women’s Financial Control Impacts Labor Supply and Gender Norms	68
Changing Business Dynamism and Productivity: Shocks versus Responsiveness	66
The Effect of ­High-Tech Clusters on the Productivity of Top Inventors	66
The Elephant in the Room: The Impact of Labor Obligations on Credit Markets	65
A Few Bad Apples? Racial Bias in Policing	63
Competition and Entry in Agricultural Markets: Experimental Evidence from Kenya	62
Imperfect Competition, Compensating Differentials, and Rent Sharing in the US Labor Market	62
Labor Market Power	61
Time Discounting and Wealth Inequality	60
Stock Market Wealth and the Real Economy: A Local Labor Market Approach	60
Going Negative at the Zero Lower Bound: The Effects of Negative Nominal Interest Rates	60
The Legacy of Colonial Medicine in Central Africa	60
Mortgage Debt, Consumption, and Illiquid Housing Markets in the Great Recession	59
The Competitive Impact of Vertical Integration by Multiproduct Firms	58
Escalation of Scrutiny: The Gains from Dynamic Enforcement of Environmental Regulations	56
The Nature of Firm Growth	53
Exchange Rates and Prices: Evidence from the 2015 Swiss Franc Appreciation	53
Place-Based Drivers of Mortality: Evidence from Migration	53
Daily Labor Supply and Adaptive Reference Points	53
Digital Addiction	52
A Model of Competing Narratives	52
Multidimensional Skills, Sorting, and Human Capital Accumulation	52
Reshaping Adolescents' Gender Attitudes: Evidence from a School-Based Experiment in India	52
How Well Targeted Are Soda Taxes?	52

Public Procurement in Law and Practice	51
Asymmetric Consumption Smoothing	51
The Abolition of Immigration Restrictions and the Performance of Firms and Workers: Evidence from Switzerland	51
The Long-Run Effects of Childhood Insurance Coverage: Medicaid Implementation, Adult Health, and Labor Market Outcomes	50
Heterogeneous Beliefs and School Choice Mechanisms	49
Equilibrium Technology Diffusion, Trade, and Growth	48
The Risk-Adjusted Carbon Price	48
Policy Language and Information Effects in the Early Days of Federal Reserve Forward Guidance	48
Asymmetric Attention	47
Devotion and Development: Religiosity, Education, and Economic Progress in Nineteenth-Century France	47
Financial Crises, Dollarization, and Lending of Last Resort in Open Economies	46
Home Values and Firm Behavior	46
Job Seekers’ Perceptions and Employment Prospects: Heterogeneity, Duration Dependence, and Bias	45
Reference Points for Retirement Behavior: Evidence from German Pension Discontinuities	45
Lack of Selection and Limits to Delegation: Firm Dynamics in Developing Countries	43
Political Turnover, Bureaucratic Turnover, and the Quality of Public Services	42
Intergenerational Mobility of Immigrants in the United States over Two Centuries	42
Can Policy Change Culture? Government Pension Plans and Traditional Kinship Practices	42
Myopia and Anchoring	42
The Effects of Parental and Sibling Incarceration: Evidence from Ohio	42
Using Aggregated Relational Data to Feasibly Identify Network Structure without Network Data	41
Dynastic Human Capital, Inequality, and Intergenerational Mobility	40
Does When You Die Depend on Where You Live? Evidence from Hurricane Katrina	40
How Research Affects Policy: Experimental Evidence from 2,150 Brazilian Municipalities	40
Imperfect Markets versus Imperfect Regulation in US Electricity Generation	40
Belief Elicitation and Behavioral Incentive Compatibility	40
Feedbacks: Financial Markets and Economic Activity	40
An Alternative Explanation for the “Fed Information Effect”	39
Mortgage Prepayment and Path-Dependent Effects of Monetary Policy	39
Seasonal Liquidity, Rural Labor Markets, and Agricultural Production	39
Household Debt Revaluation and the Real Economy: Evidence from a Foreign Currency Debt Crisis	39
Media, Pulpit, and Populist Persuasion: Evidence from Father Coughlin	39
Belief Distortions and Macroeconomic Fluctuations	39
Supply Network Formation and Fragility	39
What Makes a Rule Complex?	39
The Causal Interpretation of Two-Stage Least Squares with Multiple Instrumental Variables	39
Speculative Fever: Investor Contagion in the Housing Bubble	38
Venting Out: Exports during a Domestic Slump	37
Credit, Attention, and Externalities in the Adoption of Energy Efficient Technologies by Low-Income Households	36
Market Fragmentation	36
Using Models to Persuade	35
Field Experiments and the Practice of Policy	35
A Theory of Experimenters: Robustness, Randomization, and Balance	35
Monopsony in the US Labor Market	35
From Weber to Kafka: Political Instability and the Overproduction of Laws	35
Does Race Matter for Police Use of Force? Evidence from 911 Calls	34
Tax Administration versus Tax Rates: Evidence from Corporate Taxation in Indonesia	34
Does Information Break the Political Resource Curse? Experimental Evidence from Mozambique	34
Migrants and Firms: Evidence from China	34
Employment Structure and the Rise of the Modern Tax System	33
Digitization and Pre-Purchase Information: The Causal and Welfare Impacts of Reviews and Crowd Ratings	33
Estimating Spillovers from Publicly Funded R&D: Evidence from the US Department of Energy	32
Inattention and Switching Costs as Sources of Inertia in Medicare Part D	31
The Role of Behavioral Frictions in Health Insurance Marketplace Enrollment and Risk: Evidence from a Field Experiment	31
Prep School for Poor Kids: The Long-Run Impacts of Head Start on Human Capital and Economic Self-Sufficiency	30
Job Displacement Insurance and (the Lack of) Consumption-Smoothing	29
Persistent Overconfidence and Biased Memory: Evidence from Managers	29
Subsidy Policies and Insurance Demand	29
Assortative Matching or Exclusionary Hiring? The Impact of Employment and Pay Policies on Racial Wage Differences in Brazil	29
The Welfare Effects of Peer Entry: The Case of Airbnb and the Accommodation Industry	29
What Motivates Paternalism? An Experimental Study	29
The End of Economic Growth? Unintended Consequences of a Declining Population	29
Turnover Liquidity and the Transmission of Monetary Policy	29
The Selection of Talent: Experimental and Structural Evidence from Ethiopia	28
Efficiency and Equity Impacts of Energy Subsidies	28
Who Set Your Wage?	28
Intertemporal Labor Supply Substitution? Evidence from the Swiss Income Tax Holidays	28
Understanding the Scarring Effect of Recessions	28
The Intergenerational Effects of a Large Wealth Shock: White Southerners after the Civil War	28
Impacts of Performance Pay for Hospitals: The Readmissions Reduction Program	28
Measuring the Welfare Effects of Shame and Pride	27
Targeted Debt Relief and the Origins of Financial Distress: Experimental Evidence from Distressed Credit Card Borrowers	27
A Theory of Chosen Preferences	26
The Voice of Monetary Policy	26
The Economic Effects of Mafia: Firm Level Evidence	26
Missing Events in Event Studies: Identifying the Effects of Partially Measured News Surprises	26
Digital Dystopia	26
The Financial Transmission of Housing Booms: Evidence from Spain	26
State-Dependent Effects of Monetary Policy: The Refinancing Channel	25
When Choices Are Mistakes	25

Local Elites as State Capacity: How City Chiefs Use Local Information to Increase Tax Compliance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo	25
Estimating Social Preferences and Gift Exchange at Work	25
The Impacts of a Multifaceted Prenatal Intervention on Human Capital Accumulation in Early Life	25
Politically Feasible Reforms of Nonlinear Tax Systems	25
Parental Resources and College Attendance: Evidence from Lottery Wins	25
The Rise and Fall of Local Elections in China	24
Community Colleges and Upward Mobility	24
Wetlands, Flooding, and the Clean Water Act	24
Rank Uncertainty in Organizations	24
Revealed Preferences over Risk and Uncertainty	24
Conflict and Intergroup Trade: Evidence from the 2014 Russia-Ukraine Crisis	24
The Challenges of Universal Health Insurance in Developing Countries: Experimental Evidence from Indonesia’s National Health Insurance	24
An Equilibrium Model of the International Price System	24
Reference Dependence in the Housing Market	24
Consumption Response to Credit Expansions: Evidence from Experimental Assignment of 45,307 Credit Lines	23
Leadership in Social Movements: Evidence from the “Forty-Eighters” in the Civil War	23
Lapse-Based Insurance	22
Interaction, Stereotypes, and Performance: Evidence from South Africa	22
Offshore Profit Shifting and Aggregate Measurement: Balance of Payments, Foreign Investment, Productivity, and the Labor Share	22
Selling Consumer Data for Profit: Optimal ­Market-Segmentation Design and Its Consequences	22
Consumer Information and the Limits to Competition	21
Steering the Climate System: Using Inertia to Lower the Cost of Policy: Comment	21
Geographic Dispersion of Economic Shocks: Evidence from the Fracking Revolution: Comment	21
Field Experiments and the Practice of Economics	21
Industrial Espionage and Productivity	21
Stability and Bayesian Consistency in Two-Sided Markets	21
Hospital Network Competition and Adverse Selection: Evidence from the Massachusetts Health Insurance Exchange	21
Voter Turnout with Peer Punishment	21
Discrete Choice under Risk with Limited Consideration	20
Acquiring Information through Peers	20
Concentration Thresholds for Horizontal Mergers	19
The Reach of Radio: Ending Civil Conflict through Rebel Demobilization	19
Job Search and Hiring with Limited Information about Workseekers’ Skills	19
Self-Persuasion: Evidence from Field Experiments at International Debating Competitions	19
Incentivized Kidney Exchange	19
Effective Demand Failures and the Limits of Monetary Stabilization Policy	19
What Caused Racial Disparities in Particulate Exposure to Fall? New Evidence from the Clean Air Act and Satellite-Based Measures of Air Quality	19
Recruitment, Effort, and Retention Effects of Performance Contracts for Civil Servants: Experimental Evidence from Rwandan Primary Schools	18
The Economic Consequences of Bankruptcy Reform	18
Discounts and Deadlines in Consumer Search	18
Targeting In-Kind Transfers through Market Design: A Revealed Preference Analysis of Public Housing Allocation	18
Product Innovation, Product Diversification, and Firm Growth: Evidence from Japan’s Early Industrialization	18
Targeting High Ability Entrepreneurs Using Community Information: Mechanism Design in the Field	18
The Long and Short (Run) of Trade Elasticities	18
From Mad Men to Maths Men: Concentration and Buyer Power in Online Advertising	18
RETRACTED BY THE AUTHORS: Dividend Taxes and the Allocation of Capital	17
The Efficiency of Race-Neutral Alternatives to Race-Based Affirmative Action: Evidence from Chicago’s Exam Schools	17
Misspecified Politics and the Recurrence of Populism	17
The Old Boys’ Club: Schmoozing and the Gender Gap	17
Sentiment and Speculation in a Market with Heterogeneous Beliefs	17
The Psychosocial Value of Employment: Evidence from a Refugee Camp	17
Does Context Outweigh Individual Characteristics in Driving Voting Behavior? Evidence from Relocations within the United States	16
Judging Judge Fixed Effects	16
Lumpy Investment, Business Cycles, and Stimulus Policy	16
Cross-Region Transfer Multipliers in a Monetary Union: Evidence from Social Security and Stimulus Payments	16
Learning under Diverse World Views: Model-Based Inference	16
Oligopolistic Price Leadership and Mergers: The United States Beer Industry	16
Mistakes, Overconfidence, and the Effect of Sharing on Detecting Lies	16
Ultimatum Bargaining with Rational Inattention	16
Earnings Inequality and the Minimum Wage: Evidence from Brazil	16
Measuring Racial Discrimination in Bail Decisions	16
Why Special Economic Zones? Using Trade Policy to Discriminate across Importers	15
Fictional Money, Real Costs: Impacts of Financial Salience on Disadvantaged Students	15
Risk-Based Selection in Unemployment Insurance: Evidence and Implications	15
Is the Cure Worse than the Disease? Unintended Effects of Payment Reform in a Quantity-Based Transfer Program	15
How Do National Firms Respond to Local Cost Shocks?	15
Market Entry, Fighting Brands, and Tacit Collusion: Evidence from the French Mobile Telecommunications Market	15
Aggregating Distributional Treatment Effects: A Bayesian Hierarchical Analysis of the Microcredit Literature	15
Neighborhood-Based Information Costs	15
Job Matching under Constraints	15
The Reversal Interest Rate	14
The Human Side of Structural Transformation	14
Capital Gains Taxes and Real Corporate Investment: Evidence from Korea	14
Security Transitions	14
Information Networks and Collective Action: Evidence from the Women’s Temperance Crusade	14
Design-Based Research in Empirical Microeconomics	14
The Cost of Information: The Case of Constant Marginal Costs	13
Dynamic Oligopoly and Price Stickiness	13
An Estimated Structural Model of Entrepreneurial Behavior	13
Technological Change and the Consequences of Job Loss	13
Rebel on the Canal: Disrupted Trade Access and Social Conflict in China, 1650–1911	13
When Should There Be Vertical Choice in Health Insurance Markets?	13
Persuasion through Slanted Language: Evidence from the Media Coverage of Immigration	13
Identifying Present Bias from the Timing of Choices	13
Labor Rationing	13
Factor Market Failures and the Adoption of Irrigation in Rwanda	12
Optimality of Matched-Pair Designs in Randomized Controlled Trials	12
The Costs of Job Displacement over the Business Cycle and Its Sources: Evidence from Germany	12
Globalization and Pandemics	12
How Merchant Towns Shaped Parliaments: From the Norman Conquest of England to the Great Reform Act	12
Experimental Cost of Information	12
Market Access and Quality Upgrading: Evidence from Four Field Experiments	12
Dynamic Matching in Overloaded Waiting Lists	12
Vulnerability and Clientelism	12
The Value of Working Conditions in the United States and Implications for the Structure of Wages	12