National Science Review

Article	Citations
U-Th and U-Pb geochronology of Quaternary carbonates	374
North Atlantic subtropical mode water formation controlled by Gulf Stream fronts	291
Innovative surface nanostructures to stabilize single metal site catalysts	288
Advancing brain-inspired computing with hybrid neural networks	240
Unusual metallic state in superconducting A15-type La4H23	238
Functional dissimilarity in mixed forests promotes stem radial growth by mitigating tree water deficit	228
Unimodal productivity–biodiversity relationship along the gradient of multidimensional resources across Chinese grasslands	188
Genetic modification of Gγ subunit AT1 enhances salt-alkali tolerance in main graminaceous crops	180
p–d orbital hybridization induced by transition metal atom sites for room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries	180
Silvery fullerene in Ag102 nanosaucer	179
Magnetic exchange interaction between unpaired π- and d-electrons in nanographene-metal coordination complexes	175
AI enhances drug discovery and development	173
Half-quantized helical hinge currents in axion insulators	169
Deciphering failure paths in lithium metal anodes by electrochemical curve fingerprints	162
Adjusting interlayer interactions and proton-conduction pathways of 2D covalent organic frameworks through the rotaxane structures	160
Phytochemical alkaloids orchestrate immunometabolism against viral infections	154
Rapid growth in a large Cambrian apex predator	125
Agricultural ditches and stream networks are overlooked hotspots of carbon emissions	123
Reconstructing human history from ancient genomes: an interview with Nobel laureate Svante Pääbo	120
An energy harvester for all seasons	119
Sensing nanoscale electromagnetic forces when the heat is on	119
From aspiration to implementation of the 30% solution	118
Bioengineered therapeutic systems for improving antitumor immunity	117
Taking a broader view of Three Gorges Dam	115
Postcranial disparity of galeaspids and the evolution of swimming speeds in stem-gnathostomes	114

Specifying floodwater characteristics in understanding human-mobility response: a comment to Tang et al.	113
Exoplanets, extraterrestrial life and beyond: an interview with Douglas Lin	113
Aqueous iron-based redox flow batteries for large-scale energy storage	111
Ultrasensitive optoelectronic biosensor arrays based on twisted bilayer graphene superlattice	110
Rapid and large-scale glycopeptide enrichment strategy based on chemical ligation	110
NEATmap: a high-efficiency deep learning approach for whole mouse brain neuronal activity trace mapping	109
Ultra-sensitivity in reconstructed exceptional systems	105
Rollback, scissor-like closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and formation of an orocline: magmatic migration based on a large archive of age data	104
Oral nano-antioxidants improve sleep by restoring intestinal barrier integrity and preventing systemic inflammation	102
Intrinsic stabilization of vacancies in catalysts via high-entropy approach for lithium-sulfur batteries	96
Exploring the vacuum ultraviolet photochemistry of astrochemically important triatomic molecules	94
Canine EEG helps human: cross-species and cross-modality epileptic seizure detection via multi-space alignment	94
Full-parameter omnidirectional transformation optical devices	94
Artificial intelligence as a surrogate brain: Bridging neural dynamical models and data	92
Reflections on DeepSeek's breakthrough	91
Effective transport network driven by tortuosity gradient enables high-electrochem-active solid-state batteries	90
Advancements in superconducting quantum computing	87
The raising and westward expansion of central Tibet	86
Stretchable polymer composites with ultrahigh piezoelectric performance	86
Deep learning can predict global earthquake-triggered landslides	84
Monitoring the delicate operations of surgical robots via ultra-sensitive ionic electronic skin	83
Ion channel-gated covalent organic framework membrane for sustainable lithium–sulfur batteries	82
Reconstructing interfacial manganese deposition for durable aqueous zinc–manganese batteries	80
Alternating current electroluminescent fibers for textile displays	78
Neuro-symbolic approaches in artificial intelligence	78
Science battles viral diseases: a roundtable discussion with leading experts on COVID-19, hepatitis and AIDS	77
Global variations in critical drought thresholds that impact vegetation	77
Dual molecular bridges at perovskite heterointerfaces for efficient inverted solar cells	77
CMW-Net: an adaptive robust algorithm for sample selection and label correction	76
Mode water going round	76
Elasticity meets topology	75
Global weirding at mass extinction horizons	75
Two-dimensional ballistic transistors for advanced-node integrated circuits	74
Uncovering the secrets of hidden twists	74
Ternary superhydrides for high-temperature superconductivity at low pressures	74
Hydrogen-bonded organic framework for regulating pathogenic autoantigen and oxidative stress in psoriasis treatment	73
Spin-polarized d-orbital filling in cobalt catalysts boosts solution-mediated Li-O2 batteries	73
Partial offset of soil greenhouse gases emissions by enhanced vegetation carbon uptake upon thermokarst formation	72
Hydrovoltaics brings a new solution in alternative energy: an interview with Prof. Wanlin Guo	71
Flexible multimaterial fibers in modern biomedical applications	70
Leaping plastic thermoelectrics through multi-heterojunction design	69
Patterns and change rates of glacial lake water levels across High Mountain Asia	69
Low-threshold anisotropic polychromatic emission from monodisperse quantum dots	68
Tandem electro-thermocatalytic system: redefining CO2 utilization efficiency in methane dry reforming	67
Cretaceous chewing-louse eggs on enantiornithine birds	67
Selective nano-buckling improves the performance of graphene logic transistors	67
Machine learning for estimation and control of quantum systems	66
Efficient glyceric acid electrosynthesis from waste glycerol on rare-earth-metal-alloyed mesoporous PtPb nanosheets	65
Inner-shell electrons enable both high power and energy densities	64
Anomalous displacement reaction for synthesizing above-room-temperature and air-stable vdW ferromagnet PtTe2Ge1/3	63

MicroRNA-triggered in situ programmed assembly of photosensitizers with controlled dimension and accelerated kinetics for precise cancer therapy	63
Investigating thermal properties of 2D non-layered material using a NEMS-based 2-DOF approach towards ultrahigh-performance bolometer	62
On-demand engineerable visible spectrum by fine control of electrochemical reactions	62
A single-domain protein catenane of dihydrofolate reductase	62
Conservation priorities for global marine biodiversity across multiple dimensions	62
A heat transfer model for liquid film boiling on micro-structured surfaces	61
Breaking Kasha's rule for photoswitchable reactive oxygen species generation in carbonylated carbon nitride	61
Superconducting ternary hydrides: progress and challenges	60
The piRNA size matters	59
Syntropic spin alignment at the interface between ferromagnetic and superconducting nitrides	57
Monolithic integrated MXene supercapacitors may power future electronics	57
Revisiting the mechanisms of mid-Tertiary uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau	56
Triplet bismuthinidenes featuring unprecedented giant and positive zero field splittings	56
Superscattering of water waves	56
Lithospheric strike-slip faulting in central Tibet since 35–32 Ma and implications for the incipient Asian extrusional tectonics	56
Synthesis of pyrimidines from dinitrogen and carbon	54
Time–frequency transfer over optical fiber	54
Biocompatible zinc battery with programmable electro-cross-linked electrolyte	54
Size controllable single-crystalline Ni-rich cathodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries	54
An octopamine-specific GRAB sensor reveals a monoamine relay circuitry that boosts aversive learning	53
Global decline in microbial-derived carbon stocks with climate warming and its future projections	53
Regulating the properties of XQ-2d for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to pancreatic cancers	53
Intelligent structural microbatteries for adaptive microrobots	53
Layer-by-layer assembled 2D nanocomposites for extreme polarization optics	52
Animating fossilized invertebrates by motion reconstruction	52
Atmospheric inversions for carbon dioxide and methane at a national scale	52
Chemical synthesis-based structure correction of a claimed protein-free antifreeze oligosaccharide	51
Graphene supremacy: the duo duo	51
Making topological protein links using enzymatic reactions	51
Massive abiotic methane production in eclogite during cold subduction	51
China's top 10 breakthroughs in science and technology in 2024	51
First finding of coesite in the eclogitic continental crust of the Sesia Zone, Italian Western Alps	51
3D-architected acceptor affords efficient, stable and stretchable photovoltaics	50
Collective effects in an incompressible electronic liquid	50
Non-linear frequency doubling up-conversion of geothermal radiation cannot provide sufficient light to support oxygenic photosynthesis at deep-sea hydrothermal vents	49
A robotic AI-Chemist system for multi-modal AI-ready database	49
Beyond natural targets: chemical synthesis reprograms the target specificity of rapamycin	49
Homo-harringtonine (HHT) is highly effective against SARS-CoV-2-A potential first-line defense in future coronavirus epidemics	48
Bayesian brain computing and the free-energy principle: an interview with Karl Friston	48
Sulfide mineral-driven photon upconversion sustains phototrophic cyanobacteria at deep-sea hydrothermal vents: a reply to Mullineaux and Duffy's chemolithoautotrophic hypothesis	48
Nickle-cobalt alloy nanocrystals inhibit activation of inflammasomes	48
Mantle plume trail beneath the ca. 1.1 Ga North American Midcontinent Rift revealed by magnetotelluric data	48
A bio-inspired microwave wireless system for constituting passive and maintenance-free IoT networks	48
Combining cisplatin and a STING agonist into one molecule for metalloimmunotherapy of cancer	47
In-situ constructed Cu/CuNC interfaces for low-overpotential reduction of CO2 to ethanol	47
Anthropogenic monoterpenes aggravating ozone pollution	47
Natural products are the treasure pool for antimalarial agents	46
Data quantity governance for machine learning in materials science	46
Aromatic chloroosmacyclopentatrienes	46
A Janus heteroatom-doped carbon electrocatalyst for hydrazine oxidation	46
Construction of nanocarriers based on nucleic acids and their applications in nanobiology delivery systems	45
Metal-hydrogel chelation interfaces for ultrasoft and bidirectional bioelectronics	45
High-stability spherical lanthanide nanoclusters for magnetic resonance imaging	45
Experimental Evidence for Superionic Fe-C Alloy Revealed by Shear Softening in Earth’s Inner Core	45
Scalable and straightforward synthesis of electrocatalysts for green hydrogen economy via high-current-density alkaline water splitting	44
Brain developmental and cortical connectivity changes in transgenic monkeys carrying the human-specific duplicated gene SRGAP2C	44
The origin and fate of subslab partial melts at convergent margins	44
Kondo scattering in underdoped Nd1−xSrxNiO2 infinite-layer superconducting thin films	44
Frontiers in zeolites: towards establishing a new discipline of condensed matter chemistry—an interview with Ruren Xu	43
Synchronizing sucrose effluxers with influxers in phloem loading for yield output and adaptation to environment	42
Amplifiable protein identification via residue-resolved barcoding and composition code counting	42
On the topological surface states of the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator Mn-Bi-Te family	42
Multichamber magnetic capsule robot for selective liquid sampling and drug delivery	42
Bioprinting of inorganic-biomaterial/neural-stem-cell constructs for multiple tissue regeneration and functional recovery	42
Heavy melts, light residues: new research identifies the potential importance of Si isotope fractionation in subducting slabs	41
The smallest in the deepest: the enigmatic role of viruses in the deep biosphere	41
Automated literature research and review-generation method based on large language models	41
High-entropy-alloy nanoparticles with 21 ultra-mixed elements for efficient photothermal conversion	41
Conceptual transition from molecular to atomic: unleashing a new era in hydrogen therapy for chronic disease	40
Kagome superconductors AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs)	40
Activatable red/near-infrared aqueous organic phosphorescence probes for improved time-resolved bioimaging	40
Semiconductor fibers for textile integrated electronic systems	40
The greenhouse gas budget for China's terrestrial ecosystems	40
Observation of dark edge states in parity-time-symmetric quantum dynamics	40
Accelerated water harvesting from vapor via a bio-inspired hydrogel pattern	40
Smart metasurfaces enable wireless detection of hazardous liquids	40
Dramatic biases in terrestrial nitrogen fixation in Earth System Models revealed by natural isotope signatures	40
Photovoltage enhancement of M-series acceptor-based polymer solar cells and minimodules through the modulation of charge-transfer states	39
Nanosecond-scale single-molecule reaction dynamics for scalable synthesis on a chip	39
Search of high-frequency variations of fundamental constants using spin-based quantum sensors	39

How can neuromorphic hardware attain brain-like functional capabilities?	38
Clouds buffer Arctic warming	38
Altaids: accretionary tectonics writ large	38
Identification and semisynthesis of (−)-anisomelic acid as oral agent against SARS-CoV-2 in mice	38
Maximizing catalytic efficiency with bio-inspired hierarchical porous zeolites	38
Achieving 500-GHz communication over 1.2 km using an astronomical telescope with a quantum-limited superconducting receiver	37
An era of hyper-resolution land surface models: truth or dare?	37
Black-hole-inspired thermal trapping with graded heat-conduction metadevices	37
Making chiral molecular knots and links stereospecifically	37
Commentary on ‘Physics-informed deep learning parameterization of ocean vertical mixing improves climate simulations’ by Zhu et al.	37
China Land Carbon Budget (CLCB1.0): a comprehensive estimate of the land carbon budget in China	37
Dual-loop upcycling of spent LiFePO4: defect inheritance enables durable and fast-charging sodium-ion batteries	36
Bipolarized intrinsic faradaic layer on a semiconductor surface under illumination	36
H5N1 virus invades the mammary glands of dairy cattle through ‘mouth-to-teat’ transmission	36
Extremely low lattice thermal conductivity in light-element solid materials	35
Cuprate-like electronic structures in infinite-layer nickelates with substantial hole dopings	35
Simultaneous enhancement of efficiency, stability and stretchability in binary polymer solar cells with a three-dimensional aromatic-core tethered tetrameric acceptor	35
Microbes in mass extinction: an accomplice or a savior?	35
The second polar body contributes to the fate asymmetry in the mouse embryo	35
A K+-sensitive AND-gate dual-mode probe for simultaneous tumor imaging and malignancy identification	35
3D micropattern force regulates stem cell function	34
The C: N: P stoichiometry in bryophytes: relationships with habitat, climate and growth form	34
Unveiling photophysical mechanisms of NIR-II AIE luminogens for multimodal imaging-navigated synergistic therapies	34
Spin effect on redox acceleration and regioselectivity in Fe-catalyzed alkyne hydrosilylation	34
Reversible biomass aerogels with flame retardancy and smart elasticity	34
Harnessing spin effects for heterogeneous single-atom spin catalysis	34
Stability breakthrough accelerates commercialization of perovskite indoor photovoltaics	34
Uncover rock-climbing fish's secret of balancing tight adhesion and fast sliding for bioinspired robots	34
Extreme Dry-Hot in North America and Europe: The Amplified Role of Warming-Enhanced Land-Air Coupling	34
Fluorine-doped argyrodite sulfide electrolyte enables commercial LiCoO2 use for 4.6 V high-voltage all-solid-state batteries	34
An innovative paradigm of composition optimization for nickel-based single-crystal superalloys	33
A photon-controlled diode with a new signal-processing behavior	33
Challenges and opportunities for modeling coupled human and natural systems	33
Radiocatalytic ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and water	33
The decline in tropical land carbon sink drove high atmospheric CO2 growth rate in 2023	33
Single-shot simultaneous intensity, phase and polarization imaging with metasurface	33
Oscillating paramagnetic Meissner effect and Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ	33
Deep brain–machine interfaces: sensing and modulating the human deep brain	32
High-speed flexible near-infrared organic photodiode for optical communication	32
Bacteria-responsive programmed self-activating antibacterial hydrogel to remodel regeneration microenvironment for infected wound healing	32
South Pole–Aitken massive impact 4.25 billion years ago revealed by Chang'e-6 samples	32
Robotic mobile and mirror milling of large-scale complex structures	32
Mechanically robust bamboo node and its hierarchically fibrous structural design	32
Wet-spinning of carbon nanotube fibers: dispersion, processing and properties	32
Physics-informed deep-learning parameterization of ocean vertical mixing improves climate simulations	32
Towards rational design in electrochemical denitrification by analyzing pH dependence	32
Fate and carbon sequestration potential of sunken macroalgae in coastal oceans from long-term microbial degradation perspective	32
Modularized viromimetic polymer nanoparticle vaccines (VPNVaxs) to elicit durable and effective humoral immune responses	32
Bridging oxidase catalysis and oxygen reduction electrocatalysis by model single-atom catalysts	31
A >200 Wh kg−1 anode-free Na pouch battery at −40°C enabled by manipulating electrolyte equilibrium	31
Ultrathin and capacity-tunable lithium metal wires for lithium-based fiber batteries	31
The circadian clock orchestrates spermatogonial differentiation and fertilization by regulating retinoic acid signaling in vertebrates	31
Space telescope set to open a new chapter in China's solar research	31
SARS-CoV-2 keeps evolving, so must our research efforts	31
Recyclable biomacromolecular hydrogel electrolytes for Zn-based aqueous batteries	31
Pushing the boundaries: an interview with Dae-Hyun Kim on terahertz devices	31
The preface: Interplay of topological and magnetic orders in the Mn-Bi-Te family	31
Correction to: Dual hydration of oceanic lithospher	31
Origin of sulfate in post-snowball-Earth oceans: river inputs vs. shelf-derived H2S	31
It is time to optimize forest management policy for both carbon sinks and wood harvest in China	31
Bright, photostable and long-circulating NIR-II nanoparticles for whole-process monitoring and evaluation of renal transplantation	30
Ferroelectric hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites and their structural and functional diversity	30
Hypermethylation in H3K9me3 regions characterizes the centenarian methylomes in healthy aging	30
Wearable electronics	29
Integrated multi-omics characterization across clinically relevant subgroups of long COVID	29
Robust and dynamic underwater adhesives enabled by catechol-functionalized poly(disulfides) network	29
Four decades of full-scale nitrous oxide emission inventory in China	29
The twin-beginnings of COVID-19 in Asia and Europe—one prevails quickly	29
Role of self-assembled molecules in halide perovskite optoelectronics: an atomic-scale perspective	29
Donor-acceptor engineering of a triplet-exciton-optimized MOF photocatalyst for efficient singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation	28
Uncovering key salt-tolerant regulators through a combined eQTL and GWAS analysis using the super pan-genome in rice	28
Constrained future brightening of solar radiation and its implication for China's solar power	28
Earth's core–mantle boundary shaped by the crystallization of a hydrous terrestrial magma ocean	28
Ion-selective membranes by UV-induced cleavage of polymer chains	28
Reliable perovskite indoor photovoltaics for self-powered devices	28
Emerging analytical methods to characterize zeolite-based materials	28
Lightweight, highly tough and durable YBa2Cu3O7–x superconductor	28
Electron-injection-engineering induced dual-phase MoO2.8F0.2/MoO2.4F0.6 heterostructure for magnesium storage	28
AI-driven material discovery for energy, catalysis and sustainability	27
Semisynthesis of homogeneous spike RBD glycoforms from SARS-CoV-2 for profiling the correlations between glycan composition and function	27
High-resolution mapping of CH4/N2O emissions from industrialization-related anthropogenic sources in China	27
Lymph node-biomimetic scaffold boosts CAR-T therapy against solid tumor	27
Intelligent gold nanocluster for effective treatment of malignant tumor via tumor-specific photothermal–chemodynamic therapy with AIE guidance	27
Spin chemistry in living systems	27
Non-hygroscopic ionogel-based humidity-insensitive iontronic sensor arrays for intra-articular pressure sensing	27
High-temperature superconductivity up to 223 K in the Al stabilized metastable hexagonal lanthanum superhydride	27
The temporal dynamics of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica and predominant serovars in China	27
Anthropogenic emission is the main contributor to the rise of atmospheric methane during 1993–2017	27
Competition for gradient-free tuning of large language models: approaches, results, current challenges and future directions	27
The preface: Nickelates—a new playground for high-Tc superconductivity	26
Direct conversion of CO2 to CH4 on Pd/graphdiyne single-crystalline	26
DNA palette code for time-series archival data storage	26
Lithium-plasmon-based low-powered dynamic color display	26
Seismic evidence of liquid water at the base of Mars’ upper crust	26
Skyrmions-based logic gates in one single nanotrack completely reconstructed via chirality barrier	26