OOIR: Observatory of International Research

Papers

(The TQCC of Artificial Intelligence and Law is 6. The table below lists those papers that are above that threshold based on CrossRef citation counts [max. 250 papers]. The publications cover those that have been published in the past four years, i.e., from 2021-11-01 to 2025-11-01.)

Article	Citations
Attentive deep neural networks for legal document retrieval	52
Bridging the divide: technical research and application on legal judgment prediction	49
Using GPT-4o as a factor extractor for Brazilian consumer law judgments*	41
Integrating legal event and context information for Chinese similar case analysis	39
How to justify a backing’s eligibility for a warrant: the justification of a legal interpretation in a hard case	36
Graph contrastive learning networks with augmentation for legal judgment prediction	33
Effectiveness in retrieving legal precedents: exploring text summarization and cutting-edge language models toward a cost-efficient approach	28
System for the anonymization of Romanian jurisprudence	25
Joining metadata and textual features to advise administrative courts decisions: a cascading classifier approach	25
The potential of an artificial intelligence (AI) application for the tax administration system’s modernization: the case of Indonesia	25
The winter, the summer and the summer dream of artificial intelligence in law	23
Understanding unnecessary stops and police use of force in NYPD Stop, Question, and Frisk with machine learning techniques	23
Policing based on automatic facial recognition	22
MARRO: multi-headed attention for rhetorical role labeling in legal documents	21
Topic classification of case law using a large language model and a new taxonomy for UK law: AI insights into summary judgment	19
Analogical lightweight ontology of EU criminal procedural rights in judicial cooperation	19
A formalization of the Protagoras court paradox in a temporal logic of epistemic and normative reasons	19
The black box problem revisited. Real and imaginary challenges for automated legal decision making	18
Thirty years of Artificial Intelligence and Law: the first decade	17
Towards a simple mathematical model for the legal concept of balancing of interests	17
Self-training improves few-shot learning in legal artificial intelligence tasks	17
Investigating legal question generation using large language models	15
Exploring explainable AI in the tax domain	15
Combining prompt-based language models and weak supervision for labeling named entity recognition on legal documents	14
A support system for the detection of abusive clauses in B2C contracts	13

Judicial knowledge-enhanced magnitude-aware reasoning for numerical legal judgment prediction	13
Correction: Using attention methods to predict judicial outcomes	13
Automated legal reasoning with discretion to act using s(LAW)	13
A sentence is known by the company it keeps: Improving Legal Document Summarization Using Deep Clustering	12
A collaboration between judge and machine to reduce legal uncertainty in disputes concerning ex aequo et bono compensations	11
Comprehensive research on semantic understanding, applicability, and impact analysis of legal provisions based on deep learning and natural language processing	10
Agents preserving privacy on intelligent transportation systems according to EU law	10
Identifying open-texture in regulations using LLMs	9
Improving abstractive summarization of legal rulings through textual entailment	9
Reasoning with inconsistent precedents	8
Thirty years of Artificial Intelligence and Law: the second decade	8
Patterns for legal compliance checking in a decidable framework of linked open data	8
Enhancing legal judgment summarization with integrated semantic and structural information	8
The digital transformation of jurisprudence: an evaluation of ChatGPT-4’s applicability to solve cases in business law	7
Law Smells	7
Catala: Moving towards the future of legal expert systems	7
A large scale benchmark for session-based recommendations on the legal domain	7
Legal text classification in Korean sexual offense cases: from traditional machine learning to large language models with XAI insights	6
LegItBART: a summarization model for Italian legal documents	6
Correction to: Code is law: how COMPAS affects the way the judiciary handles the risk of recidivism	6
Correction: thirty years of Artificial Intelligence and Law: the second decade	6
Re-evaluating GPT-4’s bar exam performance	6
Information extraction from employment tribunal judgments using a large language model	6