Electoral Studies

Article	Citations
Affective polarization in multiparty systems	167
Chapel Hill Expert Survey trend file, 1999–2019	157
Fragmented foes: Affective polarization in the multiparty context of the Netherlands	54
Affective polarization and the salience of elections	52
Ticking all the boxes? A comparative study of social sorting and affective polarization	38
When parties go abroad: Explaining patterns of extraterritorial voting	36
Support for radical parties in Western Europe: Structural conflicts and political dynamics	34
Do young voters vote for young leaders?	27
Affective blocs: Understanding affective polarization in multiparty systems	25
Less is more: The paradox of choice in voting behavior	21
Dark necessities? Candidates’ aversive personality traits and negative campaigning in the 2018 American Midterms	21
The death of conservative Ireland? The 2018 abortion referendum	20
The 2020 presidential election and beliefs about fraud: Continuity or change?	20
Populist parties in European Parliament elections: A new dataset on left, right and valence populism from 1979 to 2019	20
Does party rhetoric affect voter perceptions of party positions?	19
Increased economic salience or blurring of responsibility? Economic voting during the Great Recession	19
Partisan in-group bias before and after elections	18
Does E-Voting matter for turnout, and to whom?	18
Modeling ideological polarization in democratic party systems	18
After Citizens United: How outside spending shapes American democracy	18
Policy congruence and its impact on satisfaction with democracy	17
Does university make you more liberal? Estimating the within-individual effects of higher education on political values	16
Validating the feeling thermometer as a measure of partisan affect in multi-party systems	16
‘You Can't Always Get What You Want’: The effects of winning and losing in a referendum on citizens' referendum support	15
Measuring youth and college student voter turnout	15

Negative personalization and voting behavior in 14 parliamentary democracies, 1961–2018	15
What are we missing? Explaining immigrant-origin voter turnout with standard and immigrant-specific theories	14
The downstream consequences of long waits: How lines at the precinct depress future turnout	14
Context matters: Economics, politics and satisfaction with democracy	14
Partisanship, media and the objective economy: Sources of individual-level economic assessments	14
Social identity and coethnic voting in the Middle East: Experimental evidence from Qatar	14
From opinions to policies: Examining the links between citizens, representatives, and policy change	14
Is small beautiful? Transitional and structural effects of municipal amalgamation on voter turnout in local and national elections	13
Election turnout in authoritarian regimes	13
So thin it’s almost invisible: Populist attitudes and voting behavior in Brazil	12
Winning cures everything? Beliefs about voter fraud, voter confidence, and the 2016 election	12
Vote choices of left-authoritarians: Misperceived congruence and issue salience	12
Coping with complexity: Ballot position effects in the Finnish open-list proportional representation system	12
Partisanship & nationalization in American elections: Evidence from presidential, senatorial, & gubernatorial elections in the U.S. counties, 1872–2020	11
How do coalition signals shape voting behavior? Revealing the mediating role of coalition expectations	11
Candidate and party affective polarization in U.S. presidential elections: The person-negativity bias?	11
Is there cross-national evidence that voters prefer men as party leaders? No	11
Random votes under compulsory voting: Evidence from Brazil	10
Do populist parties support referendums? A comparative analysis of election manifestos in Europe	10
Ideological mavericks or party herd? The effect of candidates’ ideological positions on intra-party success	10
All-mail voting in Colorado increases turnout and reduces turnout inequality	10
Generational replacement and Green party support in Western Europe	10
The Europeanization of national elections. The role of country characteristics in shaping EU issue voting	10
What explains the dynamics of citizens’ satisfaction with democracy? An integrated framework for panel data	10
Young trendsetters: How young voters fuel electoral volatility	10
Issue ownership and salience shocks: The electoral impact of Australian bushfires	10
Polarization, candidate positioning, and political participation in the U.S.	9
The relationship between political attitudes and political participation: Evidence from monozygotic twins in the United States, Sweden, Germany, and Denmark	9
When long-distance relationships don't work out: Representational distance and satisfaction with democracy in Europe	9
The political budget cycle across varying degrees of democracy	9
Linking two levels of governance: Citizens’ trust in domestic and European institutions over time	9
Sexism predicts favorability of women in the 2020 democratic primary… and men?	9
Communicating safety precautions can help maintain in-person voter turnout during a pandemic	8
How do voters perceive ideological congruence? The effects of winning and losing under different electoral rules	8
Does party polarization mobilize or de-mobilize voters? The answer depends on where voters stand	8
The motivated electorate: Voter uncertainty, motivated reasoning, and ideological congruence to parties	8
The electoral consequences of anti-Muslim prejudice	8
Do female legislators benefit from incumbency advantage? Incumbent renomination in a flexible-list PR system	8
Participation in the administration of elections and perceptions of electoral integrity	8
One for me and one for you? The spillover effect of heads of lists on the presence and success of candidates of immigrant origin	7
Gender differences in the impact of electoral victory on satisfaction with democracy	7
The status stratification of radical right support: Reconsidering the occupational profile of UKIP’s electorate	7
Don't call me a populist! The meaning of populism for western European parties and politicians	7
What tips the scales? Disentangling the mechanisms underlying post-electoral gains and losses in democratic support	7
Treated politicians, treated voters: A natural experiment on political budget cycles	7
The Israel Polarization Panel Dataset, 2019–2021	7
Multiple meanings? The link between partisanship and definitions of voter fraud	7
An unjustified bad reputation? The Dark Triad and support for populism	7
Democratic Electoral Systems around the world, 1946–2020	7
Is compulsory voting habit-forming? Regression discontinuity evidence from Brazil	7

Is there such a thing as a Muslim vote?	7
There's (rarely) a new sheriff in town: The incumbency advantage for local law enforcement	7
Candidate sex, corruption and vote choice	7
German gays go green? Voting behaviour of lesbians, gays, and bisexuals in the 2021 German federal election	7
Confidence in an election authority and satisfaction with democracy: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment of a failed election in Sweden	7
Why some places don’t seem to matter: Socioeconomic, cultural and political determinants of place resentment	6
Electoral impacts of a failed uprising: Evidence from Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement	6
Voter reaction to legislator dissent across political systems	6
Who has room for error? The effects of political scandal for minority candidates	6
Do referendum results change norm perceptions and personal opinions?	6
Policy or person? What voters want from their representatives on Twitter	6
A global perspective on party organizations. Validating the Varieties of Party Identity and Organization Dataset (V-Party)	6
Norms and rage: Gender and social media in the 2018 U.S. mid-term elections	6
Do mayors matter? Reverse coattails on congressional elections in Brazil	6
Did you see it coming? Explaining the accuracy of voter expectations for district and (sub)national election outcomes in multi-party systems	6
Broad-appeal agendas: Issue diversity and the centre-right's electoral success	6
Too tired to vote: A multi-national comparison of election turnout with sleep preferences and behaviors	6
Rejecting representation? Party systems and popular support for referendums in Europe	6
Education and voter turnout revisited: Evidence from a Swedish twin sample with validated turnout data	6
Voter perceptions of parties’ left–right positions: The role of party strategies	6
Age and vote choice: Is there a conservative shift among older voters?	6
Floating policy voters in the 2016 U.S. presidential election	6
Gender quotas and placement mandates in open and closed lists: Similar effects, different mechanisms	5
Nationally poor, locally rich: Income and local context in the 2016 presidential election	5
The politicisation of climate change attitudes in Europe	5
Creating critical citizens? Anti-austerity protests and public opinion	5
Domestic migrants' responsiveness to electoral mobilization under authoritarianism: Evidence from China's grassroots elections	5
Capturing vote-seeking incentives and the cultivation of a personal and party vote	5
Vote with your rabbi: The electoral effects of religious institutions in Israel	5
Why do central states accept holding independence referendums? Analyzing the role of state peripheries	5
Public campaign financing and the rise of radical-right parties	5
Do politicians’ answers to voting advice applications reflect their sincere beliefs? Comparing publicly and confidentially stated ideological positions in a candidate-centred electoral context	5
Parties as pay-off seekers: Pre-electoral coalitions in a patronage democracy	5
What is the impact of bilingual communication to mobilize Latinos? Exploratory evidence from experiments in New Jersey, North Carolina, and Virginia	5
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in a polarized political system: Lessons from the 2020 election	5
Mind the gap(s): Winning, losing, and perceptions of electoral integrity in mixed-member proportional systems	5
Electoral incentives and elite racial identification: Why Brazilian politicians change their race	5
The Downsian roots of affective polarization	5
Isolating the effect of compulsory voting laws on political sophistication: Leveraging intra-national variation in mandatory voting laws between the Austrian Provinces	5
Echoes of a fading past: Authoritarian legacies and far-right voting	5
Ideological identity, issue-based ideology and bipolar affective polarization in multiparty systems: The cases of Argentina, Chile, Italy, Portugal and Spain	5
When does inequality demobilize? New evidence from the American states	5
Theoretically, yes, but also empirically? How the corruption-turnout link is marginally explained by civic duty to vote	5
Malapportionment in space and time: Decompose it!	5
Coalition incentives and party bias in Chile	4
Stability and change in party preferences: Evidence from Latin America	4
Dynamic party system fragmentation	4
Do parties perceive their voter potentials correctly? Reconsidering the spatial logic of electoral competition	4
Economic conditions and populist radical right voting: The role of issue salience	4
Protesting with the ballot: Diffusion of methods of electoral protest in Spain	4
When the election rains out and how bad weather excludes marginal voters from turning out	4
Attitudes toward competing voting-right requirements: Evidence from a conjoint experiment	4
Racial attitudes & political cross-pressures in nationalized elections: The case of the Republican coalition in the Trump era	4
Measuring and explaining the complexity of left-right perceptions of political parties	4
The comparative effectiveness of populist rhetoric in generating online engagement	4
Polarisation, identity and affect - conceptualising affective polarisation in multi-party systems	4
Young adults' under-representation in elections to the U.S. House of Representatives	4
The Europeanisation of political involvement: Examining the role of individual transnationalism	4
Negative partisanship among Independents in the 2020 U.S. presidential elections	4
Cross-pressures and the European lavender vote: Testing the conditionality of the sexuality gap	4
Candidate appearance in campaign advertisements	4
Do technocrats boost the acceptance of policy proposals among the citizenry? Evidence from a survey experiment in Italy	4
Candidate authenticity and the Iowa Caucus	4
The incumbency advantage in second-order PR elections: Evidence from the Irish context, 1942–2019	4
Accountable or Untouchable? Electoral accountability in Romanian local elections	4
Inviting immigrants in: Field experiments in voter mobilization among immigrants in Norway	4
Orchestrating silence, winning the votes: Explaining variation in media freedom during elections	3
Elite communication and affective polarization among voters	3
When populists win: How right-wing populism affects democratic satisfaction in the U.K. and Germany	3
Mobilizing party activism: A field experiment with party members and sympathizers	3
Socialised to think in terms of left and right? The acceptability of the left and the right among European voters	3
America's first voter identification laws: The effects of personal registration and declining political party competition on presidential election turnout, 1880–1916	3
The political phenotype of the disgust sensitive: Correlates of a new abbreviated measure of disgust sensitivity	3
Generational change in party support in Germany: The decline of the Volksparteien, the rise of the Greens, and the transformation of the education divide	3
Support for a populist form of democratic politics or political discontent? How conceptions of democracy relate to support for the AfD	3
Shoring up power: Electoral reform and the consolidation of authoritarian rule	3
Do more flexible lists increase the take-up of preference voting?	3
Applying behavioural science to the annual electoral canvass in England: Evidence from a large-scale randomised controlled trial	3
Return migration, crime, and electoral engagement in Mexico	3
The politics of vice-presidential selection in Latin America	3

Electoral incentives and distributive politics in young democracies: Evidence from Chile	3
Public support for electoral reform: The role of electoral system experience	3
Does poor health cause political passivity even in a Scandinavian welfare state? Investigating the impact of self-rated health using Swedish panel data	3
Compulsory voting, turnout, and support for left-wing parties: The case of Australia	3
Fight not flight: The effects of explicit racism on minority political engagement	3
Candidate sex, partisanship and electoral context in Australia	3
Social trust and affective polarization in Spain (2014–19)	3
Technocratic attitudes and voting behaviour ten years after the Eurozone crisis: Evidence from the 2019 EP elections	3
Permissive electoral systems and descriptive representation	3
The local party voter: A localist anti-establishment voter?	3
Retrospective pledge voting and mistrusting citizens: Evidence for the electoral punishment of pledge breakage from a survey experiment	3
Emigrant external voting in Central-Eastern Europe after EU enlargement	3
Coattails and spillover-effects: Quasi-experimental evidence from concurrent executive and legislative elections	3
Is there a friends-and-neighbors effect for party leaders?	3
How electoral reform alters legislative speech: Evidence from the parliament of Victoria, Australia 1992–2017	3
Membership vote for party leadership changes: Electoral effects and the causal mechanisms behind	3
A voter-centric explanation of the success of ideological candidates for the U.S. house	3
The glitterati government? Amateur celebrity candidates in American elections, 1928–2018	3
What accounts for Duverger's law? The behavioral mechanisms underpinning two-party convergence in India	3
An experimental investigation of voter myopia in economic evaluations	3
Negative voting and party polarization: A classic tragedy	3
Elections, competition, and constituent evaluations of U.S. senators	3
Camps, not just parties. The dynamic foundations of affective polarization in multi-party systems	3
Be there or be square – The impact of participation and performance in the 2017 Dutch TV debates and its coverage on voting behaviour	3
Campaign styles: Persistency in campaign resource allocation	3
From election day to presidential approval: Partisanship and the honeymoon period in Mexico	3
Electoral outcomes and satisfaction with democracy: A comparison of regional and national elections	3
Making them pay: Using the norm of honesty to generate costs for political lies	2
The normalization of intolerance: The 2019 presidential election in Indonesia	2
Cohorts and neighbors: Urban-rural conflict along the age gradient	2
Not-so-strategic voters	2
Ideological proximity, issue importance, and vote choice	2
Won't You Be My Senator? Nuanced “Friends and Neighbors” Voting in U.S. Senate Elections, 1968–2018	2
The effects of election polls in Mexico's 2018 presidential campaign	2
Selective abstention in simultaneous elections: Understanding the turnout gap	2
Subverted expectations and social democratic austerity: How voters’ reactions to policies are conditional on the policy-implementing actor	2
Multi-level muddling: Candidate strategies to “nationalize” local elections	2
How to estimate the policy preferences of party supporters: Disaggregating data from voting advice applications versus modeling survey responses	2
Do party leadership contests forecast British general elections?	2
Who pays for crime? Criminal violence, right-wing incumbents, and electoral accountability in Latin America	2
Perceptions of extremism among the American public and elected officials	2
Evaluations of candidates’ non-policy characteristics from issue positions: Evidence of valence spillover	2
Voters’ evaluation of (contra-)prototypical political candidates. An experimental test of the interaction of candidate gender and policy positions cues in Flanders (Belgium)	2
When the US far-right sneezes, the European far-right catches a cold. Quasi-experimental evidence of electoral contagion from Spain	2
When polarised feelings towards parties spread to voters: The role of ideological distance and social sorting in Spain	2
Party system polarization and the effective number of parties	2
Spatial voting in non-partisan cities: A case study	2
Policy conflict between political elites shapes mass environmental beliefs	2
Information, perceptions, and electoral behaviour of young voters: A randomised controlled experiment	2
The effect of televised candidate debates on the support for political parties	2
Election type and the logic of pre-election violence: Evidence from Zimbabwe	2
Overlapping polarization: On the contextual determinants of the interplay between ideological and affective polarization	2
Caught in the middle? How voters react to spatial indifference	2
Model based clustering of political finance regimes: Developing the regulation of political finance indicator	2
What shapes voter expectations of Muslim politicians’ views on homosexuality: stereotyping or projection?	2
Survival of the fittest. Comparing entry and exit among niche and mainstream parties in advanced democracies, 1945–2011	2
The effect of economic downturns on voter turnout in Africa	2
Unpacking second-order elections theory: The effects of ideological extremity on voting in European elections	2
Why Geographically-Targeted Spending Under Closed-List Proportional Representation Favors Marginal Districts	2
Reverse mortgages and aircraft parts: The arcane referendum and the limits of citizen competence	2
Are city elections unique? Perceptions of electoral cleavages and social sorting across levels of government	2
Promoting ethnic equality in campaign messages: Survey experimental evidence from Nairobi, Kenya	2
Which candidates benefit from social media? An analysis of the 2021 German federal election	2
Research note: Office participation and the dissipating populism-distrust connection	2
Is electoral intraparty competition more intense in urban areas?	2
Boxholm tea party: Taxation and voter turnout in a mature democracy	2
The use of adjustment weights in voter surveys. Correcting for panel attrition and nonresponse can produce less accurate estimates of voting behavior	1
Psychological threat and turnout misreporting	1
Succession effects in presidential elections	1
Estimating relative prevalence of competing issue voting rules in multiparty elections using finite mixture modeling	1
Emotions and voting behavior in self-determination referendums: the case of New Caledonia in 2018	1
Nomination and list placement of ethnic minorities under open-list proportional rules: The centrality of ethnopolitical context	1
Designing preference voting	1
Ethnic Parties in New Democracies: The Case of Myanmar 2015	1
“Do perceptions of EMU alter clarity of responsibility? A comparison of German and Greek electorates”	1
Who delivers the votes? Elected versus appointed local executives, election manipulation, and natural support for ruling parties	1
Measuring ‘closeness’ in 3-candidate elections: Methodology and an application to strategic voting	1
Does the monetary cost of abstaining increase turnout? Causal evidence from Peru	1
Do competitive districts get more political attention? Strategic use of geographic representation during campaign and non-campaign periods	1
Are elite cues necessary to drive the “Winner Effect” on trust in elections?	1
Issue substitution or volume expansion? How parties accommodate agenda change	1
Attention! The meanings of attention to politics in surveys	1
Electoral risk and vote buying, introducing prospect theory to the experimental study of clientelism	1
Retrospective voting under supranational constraints	1
Local racial context, campaign messaging, and public political behavior: A congressional campaign field experiment	1
Balancing district and party seats: The arithmetic of mixed-member proportional electoral systems	1
Support for digitising the ballot box: A systematic review of i-voting pilots and a conjoint experiment	1
The European Union and political behaviour: The shadow of the Great Recession	1
Prepaid postage using pre-stamped envelopes to affect turnout costs	1
Closing the information gap in competitive authoritarian regimes? The effect of voting advice applications	1
Partisanship, attribution and approval in a public health shock	1
Political polarization, voting and democratic representativeness: Too much or too little?	1
Personalized politics: Evidence from the Czech and Slovak Republics	1
Do text messages increase voter registration? Evidence from RCTs with a local authority and an advocacy organisation in the UK	1
Knowing your sources: Partisan media and voters’ perceptions of the economy	1